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North Vietnam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- "DRV" redirects here. For the Wikipedia use of "DRV", see Wikipedia:Deletion review.
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The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Hồ Chí Minh in Hà Nội on September 2, 1945 with a declaration of independence, following the August Revolution, as a provisional government. It gathered Tonkin and Annam, provinces of the French Indochina.
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- Further information: First Indochina War, Operation Passage to Freedom, and Geneva Conference (1954)
Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954, thousands of Vietnamese migrated to either the North and to the South. For example, an estimated 800,000 Catholics moved south. [1] The Catholic migration is attributed to perceived persecution of Catholics by the North Vietnamese government, as well as scare campaigns employed by the Saigon government of the Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem. [2] Concurrently, an estimated 130,000 people fled South Việtnam for the North.[3]
Between 1953 and 1956, the DRVN government instituted various agrarian reforms, including land redistribution. Large landowners were publicly denounced as landlords (địa chủ), and their land distributed to poor and middle peasants.
[i]Even a Soviet study of September 1957 conceded that before North Vietnamese land reform the average landlord in North Vietnam owned less than 0.65 hectares of rice land, or less than two acres. For the crime of owning such tiny holdings, thousands of North Vietnamese were denounced and shot.[/i] ([i]Vietnam: The Necessary War[/i], Michael Lind, p.153; See also: [i]Last Reflections on a War[/i], Bernard Fall p.94).
A literary movement called Nhân văn-Giai phẩm (from the names of the two magazines which started the movement) attempted to encourage the democratization of the country and the free expression of thought.
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) capital was Hànội and its government was led by the left-nationalist Vietnam Workers' Party, which had been formed in opposition to foreign (French, Japanese, returning French, and then United States) involvement in the territory of Vietnam.
In December 1960, the Vietnam Workers' Party co-initiated and began working within the National Liberation Front of South Việtnam (referred to by the U.S. sponsored government of the South as the Việt Cộng) which was organized to support reunification and oppose the U.S. sponsored government of South Việtnam. After August 1964, this was expanded to armed opposition to the military presence and operations of the United States in the southern areas of Vietnam.[4] From at least 1965 onwards, both China and the Soviet Union provided aid to North Việtnam in support of its military activities; known in the West as the Vietnam War and in Vietnam as the American War.
In June 1969, in the South, the NLF formed a Provisional Revolutionary Government in order to present an organized alternative government to the international community.[5]
In addition to the NLF, other nationalist insurgencies also operated within neighboring Laos and Cambodia, both formerly part of the French colonial territory of Indochina.
With the fall of Sàigòn to National Liberation Front and regular North Vietnamese armed forces on April 30, 1975, political authority within South Việtnam was assumed by the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam. This government merged with Democratic Republic of Việtnam on July 2, 1976, to form a single nation officially called the Socialist Republic of Việtnam (Cộng Hoà Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam), or more commonly known as Việt Nam.
- ^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
- ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
- ^ United Nations High Commission on Refugees. 2000. The State of the World's Refugees 2000: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action. Oxford University Press. from.
- ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
- ^ Truong Nhu Tang. 1986. A Viet Cong Memoir. Vintage.
- August Revolution
- Vietnam
- Flag of North Vietnam
- South Vietnam
- Indochina Wars
- Hồ Chí Minh
- Socialist State
- People's Army of Vietnam
- Northern and southern Vietnam
| Preceded by Nguyễn Dynasty Empire of Việt Nam |
Ruler of North Vietnam 1945 - 1976 |
Succeeded by Socialist Republic of Việt Nam |