From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The longest unambiguously documented lifespan is that of Jeanne Calment of France (1875–1997), who was aged 122 years. She met Vincent van Gogh when aged 14. This led to her being noticed by the media in 1988, at age 113. Subsequent investigation found that her life was documented in the records of her native city of Arles beyond reasonable question. More evidence for the Calment case has been produced than for any other supercentenarian case, which makes her case a gold standard among the oldest people recordholders. This is contrasted with the now-disputed claim of age 120 for the oldest man ever, Shigechiyo Izumi. While this case is currently still recognized by Guinness World Records, the Japanese authorities have hinted that his age was not certain.^{[citation needed]} This claim was accepted in 1978, but subsequent additional research (as early as 1984) has raised doubt as to whether his birth date was confused with that of a brother who died at a young age.

Since the death of Yone Minagawa on 13 August 2007, the oldest living person is 114-year-old Edna Parker of the U.S., born on 20 April 1893.^[1] Parker and Maria de Jesus of Portugal are the only validated people born in 1893 who are still alive.

Contents 1 Oldest living people 2 Oldest living men (since 1961) 3 Oldest people ever (115+) 4 Oldest men ever (top 10) 5 Oldest validated people currently living (top 10) 6 Oldest men currently living (top 10) 7 Supercentenarians who died before 1955 8 National longevity recordholders 8.1 Nation of death (oldest first) 8.2 Emigrant records (oldest first) 9 Gerontology and the verification of age claims 10 Current trends in the lifespans of the oldest humans 11 References 12 External links

The following is a list of the people who have held the title of oldest recognized person in the world since 1955 (the year Guinness Records began). This list does not reflect the original lists, but is instead retroactive – for example, the Betsy Baker case was not verified until the 2000s.

From	To	Name	Age when oldest	Lived	Sex	Country
Title began in 1955	24 October 1955	Betsy Baker	?-113	20 August 1842 – 24 October 1955	F	England, UK (born) Nebraska, U.S. (died)
24 October 1955	25 June 1959	Martha Graham	110-114	27? December 1844 – 25 June 1959	F	North Carolina, U.S.
25 June 1959	10 February 1961	James Brett, Jr.	110-111?	25 June 1849? – 10 February 1961	M	Texas, U.S.
10 February 1961	16 March 1962	Joseph Saint-Amour	108-110	26 February 1852 – 16 March 1962	M	Quebec, Canada
16 March 1962	17 February 1963	Lovisa Svensson	108-109	20 November 1853 – 17 February 1963	F	Sweden
17 February 1963	8 October 1963	Ellen Dart[2]	108	1 November 1854- 8 October 1963	F	England, UK
8 October 1963	6 March 1965	Elizabeth Kensley[3]	108-109	12 May 1855 – 6 March 1965	F	England, UK
6 March 1965	24 July 1965	Auguste Pahl	109	23 November 1855 – 24 July 1965	F	West Germany
24 July 1965	10 January 1966	Hannah Smith	109-110	7 January 1856 – 10 January 1966	F	England, UK
10 January 1966	21 March 1968	John Turner	109-111	15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968	M	England, UK
21 March 1968	16 June 1968	Johanna Booyson	111	17 January 1857 – 16 June 1968	F	Transvaal, South Africa
16 June 1968	October? 1968	Marie Bernátková[4]	110-111	22 October 1857 – fl. October 1968	F	Czechoslovakia
October? 1968	11 January 1970	Ada Roe	110-111	6 February 1858 – 11 January 1970	F	England, UK
11 January 1970	27 February 1973	Josefa Salas Mateo	109-112	14 July 1860 – 27 February 1973	F	Spain
27 February 1973	18 August 1973	Alice Stevenson	111-112	10 July 1861 – 18 August 1973	F	England, UK
18 August 1973	31 October 1973	Elizabeth Watkins	110	10 March 1863 – 31 October 1973	F	Northern Ireland, UK (born) England, UK (died)
31 October 1973	31 May 1975	Mito Umeta	110-112	27 March 1863 – 31 May 1975	F	Japan
31 May 1975	16 November 1976	Niwa Kawamoto	111-113	5 August 1863 – 16 November 1976	F	Japan
16 November 1976	21 February 1986	Shigechiyo Izumi	111-120?	11 July 1865? – 21 February 1986	M	Kyūshū, Japan
20 February 1986	20 September 1986	Mamie Keith	112-113	22 March 1873 – 20 September 1986	F	Illinois, U.S.
20 September 1986	2 February 1987	Mary McKinney	113	30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987	F	California, U.S.
2 February 1987	27 December 1987	Anna Williams	113-114	2 June 1873 – 27 December 1987	F	England, UK (born) Wales, UK (died)
27 December 1987	11 January 1988	Florence Knapp	114	10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988	F	Pennsylvania, U.S.
11 January 1988	14 February 1991	Carrie White	113-116?	18 November 1874? – 14 February 1991	F	Florida, U.S.
14 February 1991	4 August 1997	Jeanne Calment	115-122	21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997	F	Provence, France
4 August 1997	16 April 1998	Marie-Louise Meilleur	116-117	29 August 1880 – 16 April 1998	F	Ontario, Canada
16 April 1998	30 December 1999	Sarah Knauss	117-119	24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999	F	Pennsylvania, U.S.
30 December 1999	2 November 2000	Eva Morris	114	8 November 1885 – 2 November 2000	F	England, UK
2 November 2000	6 June 2001	Marie Brémont	114-115	25 April 1886 – 6 June 2001	F	Pays de la Loire, France
5 June 2001	18 March 2002	Maude Farris-Luse	114-115	21 January 1887 – 18 March 2002	F	Michigan, U.S.
19 March 2002	31 October 2003	Kamato Hongo	114-116?	16 September 1887? – 31 October 2003	F	Kyūshū, Japan
31 October 2003	13 November 2003	Mitoyo Kawate	114	15 May 1889 – 13 November 2003	F	Chūgoku, Japan
13 November 2003	29 May 2004	Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan	114	31 August 1889 – 29 May 2004	F	Puerto Rico
29 May 2004	27 August 2006	María Capovilla	114-116	14 September 1889 – 27 August 2006	F	Ecuador
27 August 2006	11 December 2006	Elizabeth Bolden	116	15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006	F	Tennessee, U.S.
11 December 2006	24 January 2007	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	115	21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007	M	Puerto Rico
24 January 2007	28 January 2007	Emma Tillman	114	22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007	F	Connecticut, U.S.
29 January 2007	13 August 2007	Yone Minagawa	114	4 January 1893 – 13 August 2007	F	Kyūshū, Japan
13 August 2007	Present	Edna Parker	114*	April 20, 1893 –	F	Indiana, U.S.

The longest consecutive time with the title of World's Oldest Person held was by Shigechiyo Izumi of Japan for 3384 days from November 16, 1976 to February 21, 1986. The shortest consecutive time was by Emma Tillman of the United States for 4 days from January 24, 2007 to January 28, 2007. The average length of time served as World's Oldest Person for the 36 people following Betsy Baker (not including the current serving person, Edna Parker) has been approximately 525.5 days. The country with the most people on the list is the United States with 12, followed by the United Kingdom with 9, and Japan with 6.

Note: Guinness World Records has only maintained the category of oldest living man intermittently over the years, not establishing it permanently until the year 2000. Persons listed prior to 2000 may be based on an historical reconstruction.

From	To	Name	Age when oldest	Lived	Country
10 February 1961	16 March 1962	Joseph Saint-Amour	108-110	26 February 1852–16 March 1962	Quebec, Canada
16 March 1962	21 March 1968	John Turner	105-111	15 June 1856–21 March 1968	England, UK
21 March 1968	August? 1970	Khasako Dzugayev	107-110	7 August 1860–August? 1970[5]	USSR
August? 1970	5 May 1973	Friedrich Wedeking	107-110	10 October 1862–5 May 1973	Germany
5 May 1973	9 March 1974	Frederick Butterfield	109-110	28 February 1864–9 March 1974	England, UK
9 March 1974	21 February 1986	Shigechiyo Izumi	108-120?	29 June 1865?–21 February 1986	Kyūshū, Japan
20 February 1986	14 December 1986	Joe Thomas	110-111	1 May 1875–14 December 1986	Louisiana, U.S.
14 December 1986	5 January 1987	Herman Smith-Johannsen	111	15 June 1875–5 January 1987	Norway lived in Quebec, Canada
5 January 1987	25 November 1988	Alphaeus Cole	110-112	12 July 1876–25 November 1988	New Jersey, U.S.
25 November 1988	10 June 1990	John Evans	111-112	19 August 1877–10 June 1990	Wales, UK
10 June 1990	18 June 1990	Henri Pérignon	110	14 October 1879–18 June 1990	Normandy, France
18 June 1990	16 October 1991	James Wiggins	110-112	15 October 1879–16 October 1991	Arkansas, U.S.
16 October 1991	14 June 1993	Frederick L. Frazier	111-113	27 January 1880–14 June 1993	Alabama, U.S.
14 June 1993	25 April 1998	Christian Mortensen	110-115	16 August 1882–25 April 1998	Denmark (born) California, U.S. (died)
25 April 1998	17 July 1998	Johnson Parks	113	15 October 1884–17 July 1998	Florida, U.S.
17 July 1998	25 December 1998	Walter Richardson	112-113	7 November 1885–25 December 1998	Illinois, U.S.
25 December 1998	29 April 1999	Denzo Ishisaki	112	20 October 1886–29 April 1999	Kantō, Japan
29 April 1999	15 November 1999	Antonio Urrea-Hernández	111	16 February 1888–15 November 1999	Catalonia, Spain
15 November 1999	1 March 2001	John Painter	111-112	20 September 1888–1 March 2001	Tennessee, U.S.
1 March 2001	3 January 2002	Antonio Todde	112	22 January 1889–3 January 2002	Sardinia, Italy
3 January 2002	28 September 2003	Yukichi Chuganji	112-114	23 March 1889–28 September 2003	Kyūshū, Japan
28 September 2003	5 March 2004	Joan Riudavets	113-114	15 December 1889–5 March 2004	Minorca, Spain
5 March 2004	19 November 2004	Fred Hale, Sr.	113	1 December 1890–19 November 2004	Maine, U.S.
19 November 2004	24 January 2007	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	113-115	21 August 1891–24 January 2007	Puerto Rico
24 January 2007	Present	Tomoji Tanabe	111-112*	18 September 1895–	Kyūshū, Japan

The longest consecutive time with the title of World's Oldest Man held was by Shigechiyo Izumi of Japan for 4367 days from March 9, 1974 to February 21, 1986. The shortest consecutive time was by Henri Pérignon of France for 8 days from June 10, 1990 to June 18, 1990. The country with the most people on the list is the United States with 9, followed by Japan with 4, and the United Kingdom with 3.

Main article: List of the oldest people

#	Name	Age	Born	Died	Sex	Notes
1	Jeanne Calment	122 years 164 days	21 February 1875	4 August 1997	F	Oldest documented and fully validated supercentenarian ever
2	Shigechiyo Izumi	120? years 225 days	11 July 1865?	21 February 1986	M	Oldest male supercentenarian (disputed)
3	Sarah Knauss	119 years 97 days	24 September 1880	30 December 1999	F	Oldest in U.S. history, oldest recognized in world 1998–99
4	Lucy Hannah	117 years 248 days	16 July 1875	21 March 1993	F	Oldest African American
5	Marie-Louise Meilleur	117 years 230 days	29 August 1880	16 April 1998	F	Oldest Canadian, oldest recognized in world 1997 – 98
6	María Capovilla	116 years 347 days	14 September 1889	27 August 2006	F	Oldest in Ecuador ever, oldest living person 2004 – 2006
7	Tane Ikai	116 years 175 days	18 January 1879	12 July 1995	F	Oldest Japanese woman
8	Elizabeth Bolden	116 years 118 days	15 August 1890	11 December 2006	F	Oldest living person at time of her death, Tennesseean
9	Carrie White	116? years 88 days	18 November 1874?	14 February 1991	F	Formerly oldest in U.S. history, fourth-oldest American ever recorded (disputed)
10	Kamato Hongo	116? years 45 days	16 September 1887?	31 October 2003	F	Third-oldest Japanese person (disputed)
11	Maggie Barnes	115 years 319 days	6 March 1882	19 January 1998	F	North Carolina woman
12	Christian Mortensen	115 years 252 days	16 August 1882	25 April 1998	M	Oldest undisputed male, Danish immigrant to U.S.
13	Charlotte Hughes	115 years 228 days	1 August 1877	17 March 1993	F	British longevity recordholder
14	Margaret Skeete	115 years 192 days	27 October 1878	7 May 1994	F	Was oldest living American 1993-1994; Texas state recordholder
15	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	115 years 156 days	21 August 1891	24 January 2007	M	oldest person in Puerto Rico ever
16	Bettie Wilson	115 years 153 days	13 September 1890	13 February 2006	F	U.S.
17	Anitica Butariu	115? years 144 days	30 June 1882?	21 November 1997	F	Romania
18	Julie Bertrand	115 years 124 days	16 September 1891	18 January 2007	F	Second-oldest Canadian ever, world's oldest woman for one month until she died
19	Susie Gibson	115 years 108 days	31 October 1890	16 February 2006	F	U.S.
20	Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper	115 years 62 days	29 June 1890	30 August 2005	F	Netherlands, oldest Dutch person ever
21	Maud Farris-Luse	115 years 56 days	21 January 1887	18 March 2002	F	U.S.
22	Marie Brémont	115 years 42 days	25 April 1886	6 June 2001	F	France
23	Annie Jennings	115 years 8 days	12 November 1884	20 November 1999	F	UK

#	Name	Age	Born	Died	Notes
1	Shigechiyo Izumi	120? years 237 days	29 June 1865?	21 February 1986	Oldest male supercentenarian (disputed)
2	Christian Mortensen	115 years 252 days	16 August 1882	25 April 1998	Oldest undisputed male, Danish immigrant to U.S.
3	Emiliano Mercado del Toro	115 years 156 days	21 August 1891	24 January 2007	Oldest person in the world December 2006-January 2007
4	Mathew Beard[6]	114? years 222 days	9 July 1870?	16 February 1985	Oldest native-born American man
5	Yukichi Chuganji	114 years 189 days	23 March 1889	28 September 2003	Second-oldest Japanese man
6	Joan Riudavets	114 years 81 days	15 December 1889	5 March 2004	Spanish longevity recordholder
7	Fred Hale, Sr.	113 years 354 days	1 December 1890	19 November 2004	Born in Maine, oldest man in the world March-November 2004, died in Jamesville, New York
8	Moses Hardy	113? years 335 days	6 January 1893?	7 December 2006	American, lived in Mississippi
9	Johnson Parks	113 years 275 days	15 October 1884	17 July 1998	American, lived in Florida
10	John McMorran	113 years 250 days	19 June 1889	24 February 2003	American, lived in Florida

Main article: List of living supercentenarians

Please note that 90% of supercentenarians are women. Though this list is currently all female, there have been males in the top 10 as recently as January 2007. Moreover, that particular male was the oldest person in the world.

#	Name	Age as of 30 December 2007	Sex	Born	Residence
1	Edna Parker	114 years, 254 days	F	April 20, 1893	Oldest person in the world (since August 13, 2007). Lives in Indiana, US
2	Maria de Jesus	114 years, 111 days	F	September 10, 1893	Lives in Portugal
3	Arbella Ewing	113 years, 292 days	F	March 13, 1894	Lives in Texas, US
4	Gertrude Baines	113 years, 268 days	F	April 6, 1894	Lives in California, US
5	Tsuneyo Toyonaga	113 years, 223 days	F	May 21, 1894	Lives in Shikoku, Japan
6	Clémentine Solignac	113 years, 114 days	F	September 7, 1894	Lives in Auvergne, France
7	Catherine Hagel	113 years, 32 days	F	November 28, 1894	Lives in Minnesota, US
8	Kaku Yamanaka	113 years, 19 days	F	December 11, 1894	Lives in Chūbu, Japan
9	Beatrice Farve	112 years, 244 days	F	April 30, 1895	Lives in Georgia, US
10	Elizabeth Stefan	112 years, 231 days	F	May 13, 1895	Lives in Connecticut, US

Main article: List of living supercentenarians

#	Name	Age as of 30 December 2007	Born	Residence
1	Tomoji Tanabe	112 years, 103 days	September 18, 1895	Oldest man in the world (since 24 January 2007). Lives in Kyūshū, Japan
2	Henry Allingham	111 years, 207 days	June 6, 1896	Lives in England, UK. World War I Veteran
	George Francis	111 years, 207 days	June 6, 1896	Lives in California, US
4	Walter Breuning	111 years, 100 days	September 21, 1896	Lives in Montana, US
5	Augusto Moreira de Oliveira	111 years, 85 days	October 6, 1896	Lives in Portugal
6	Walter Seward	111 years, 78 days	October 13, 1896	Lives in New Jersey, US
7	Jiroemon Kimura	110 years, 255 days	April 19, 1897	Lives in Kansai, Japan
8	Kiyoshi Igarashi	110 years, 150 days	August 2, 1897	Lives in Hokkaidō, Japan
9	Aarne Arvonen	110 years, 148 days	August 4, 1897	Lives in Uusimaa, Finland. Finnish Civil War Veteran
10	Masatake Kinoshita	110 years, 132 days	August 20, 1897	Lives in Okayama, Japan

Name	Born	Died	Age	Sex	Notes
Thomas Peters	1745	1857	111 years 354 days	M	The Netherlands; earliest supercentenarian recognized by the Guinness Book of Records
Geert Boomgaard	1788	1899	110 years 135 days	M	The Netherlands; earliest supercentenarian recognized by scholars
Margaret Neve	1792	1903	110 years 321 days	F	Channel Islands, UK
Ann Pouder	1807	1917	110 years 93 days	F	Born England, UK Died Nebraska, U.S.
Louisa Thiers	1814	1926	111 years 138 days	F	New York, U.S.
Delina Filkins	1815	1928	113 years 214 days	F	New York, U.S.
Miriam Bannister	1817	1928	111 years 21 days	F	Born England, UK Died Missouri, U.S.
Demetrius Philipovitch	1818	1928	110 years 144+ days	M	Yugoslavia
Katherine Plunket	1820	1932	111 years 327 days	F	Ireland

Main article: National longevity recordholders

Country	Age	Sex	Name	Born	Died
France	122 years 164 days	F	Jeanne Calment	21 February 1875	4 August 1997
Japan	120? years 237 days	M	Shigechiyo Izumi	29 June 1865?	21 February 1986
United States	119 years 97 days	F	Sarah Knauss	24 September 1880	30 December 1999
Canada	117 years 230 days	F	Marie-Louise Meilleur	29 August 1880	16 April 1998
Ecuador	116 years 347 days	F	María Capovilla	14 September 1889	27 August 2006
United Kingdom	115 years 228 days	F	Charlotte Hughes	1 August 1877	17 March 1993
Romania	115? years 157 days	F	Anitica Butariu	30 June 1882?	21 November 1997
Netherlands	115 years 62 days	F	Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper	29 June 1890	30 August 2005
Portugal	114 years 274 days	F	Maria do Couto Maia-Lopes	24 October 1890	25 July 2005
Australia	114 years 148 days	F	Christina Cock	25 December 1887	22 May 2002
Spain	114 years 81 days	M	Joan Riudavets	15 December 1889	5 March 2004
Italy	114 years 4 days	F	Virginia Dighero-Zolezzi	24 December 1891	28 December 2005
New Zealand	113 years 109 days	F	Florence Finch	22 December 1893	10 April 2007
Germany	112 years 362 days	F	Maria Laqua	12 February 1889	9 February 2002
Finland	112 years 259 days	F	Lempi Maria Rothovius	2 October 1887	17 June 2000
Sweden	112 years, 229 days	F	Astrid Zachrison	15 May 1895	-
Belgium	112 years 186 days	F	Joanna Deroover	3 June 1890	6 December 2002
Austria	112 years 178 days	F	Maria Mika	23 May 1882	17 November 1994
Norway	112 years 61 days	F	Maren Bolette Torp	21 December 1876	20 February 1989
Ireland	111 years 327 days	F	Katherine Plunket	22 November 1820	14 October 1932
South Africa	111 years 151 days	F	Johanna Booyson	17 January 1857	16 June 1968
Denmark	111 years 114 days	F	Anne Matthiesen	26 November 1884	19 March 1996
Uruguay	111 years 107 days	F	Manolita Pina	24 February 1883	11 June 1994
Switzerland	111 years 87 days	F	Emma Duvoisin	5 July 1886	30 September 1997

Note: listed for countries where an emigrant lived longer than any lifelong resident

Country	Age	Sex	Name	Born	Died	Notes
Denmark	115 years 252 days	M	Christian Mortensen	16 August 1882	25 April 1998	Died U.S.
Cape Verde	114 years 183 days	F	Adelina Domingues	19 February 1888	21 August 2002	Died U.S.
Germany	114 years 180 days	F	Charlotte Benkner	16 November 1889	14 May 2004	Died U.S.
Algeria	114 years 172 days	F	Anne Primout	5 October 1890	26 March 2005	Died France
India	113 years 197 days	F	Lucy d'Abreu	24 May 1892	7 December 2005	Died UK
Hungary	112 years, 231 days	F	Elizabeth Stefan	13 May 1895	-	Lives in Connecticut, U.S.
Morocco	111 years 282 days	F	Consuelo Moreno-López	5 February 1893	13 November 2004	Died U.S.
Greece	110 years 341 days	M	Gregory Pandazes	15 January 1873	22 December 1983	Died U.S.
Peru	110 years 106 days	F	Julia Dougherty	20 August 1893	4 December 2003	Died U.S.

Gerontology involves the tracking of the longest-lived proven individuals as the bio-markers of the human life span. The study of gerontology is usually credited to Michel Eugène Chevreul, a French chemist who died in 1889, aged 102. In the early years of the twenty first century gerontology is benefiting from the improvements in record-keeping in the industrialized world from the latter part of the nineteenth century. As a result, verification standards have evolved and multiple independent documentary confirmations of birth-date are now required to substantiate a claim, rather than evidence deriving only from the claimant. For claims that have not been satisfactorily confirmed by Guinness World Records, considered the authority, see longevity claims.

The population and lifespans of the world's oldest people are continually increasing due to improvements in health care and lifestyle during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the increasing world population. Additionally, better record-keeping, both 100+ years ago and today, is increasing the percentage of the world's population whose age can be tracked and verified. This increase has been matched by efforts to harness this data. While in 1837 the oldest verified person was aged 108 years, it is now no longer unheard of for individuals, especially females, to have lived 110 years and more. The term supercentenarian has been coined to describe this emerging population group.

• Louis Epstein: The Oldest Human Beings — list of validly-documented supercentenarians (by age and chronological), including a chronological list of the oldest living listed persons since 1955 (however, for a time in the 1960s the oldest living person did not officially reach 110).
• Supercentenarian tables at the Gerontology Research Group
• International Database on Longevity

v • d • e Longevity
Centenarian • Supercentenarian • Maximum life span • Life extension • Life expectancy
Lists: Oldest people • 100 verified oldest people • Centenarians • Living supercentenarians • National longevity recordholders • Living national longevity recordholders • Longevity claims • Longevity myths • Oldest validated person by year of birth • U.S. state longevity recordholders • List of oldest living people by U.S. state • List of long-living organisms
War: Last surviving United States war veterans • Surviving veterans of World War I • Last surviving World War I veteran by country
See also: Gerontology • Ageing