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Open-mid back unrounded vowel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Edit - 2× | Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back |
| Close | |||||
| Near‑close | |||||
| Close‑mid | |||||
| Mid | |||||
| Open‑mid | |||||
| Near‑open | |||||
| Open | |||||
represents a rounded vowel.
| IPA – number | 314 |
| IPA – text | ʌ |
| IPA – image |  |
| Entity | ʌ |
| X-SAMPA | V |
| Kirshenbaum | V |
| Sound sample | |
|---|---|
The open-mid back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʌ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is V. The IPA symbol is an inverted letter v and both the symbol and the sound are commonly referred to as either a wedge, a caret, or a hat. In transcriptions for some languages (including several dialects of English), this symbol is also used for the Near-open central vowel
- Its vowel height is open-mid, which means the tongue is positioned halfway between an open vowel and a mid vowel.
- Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
- Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are not rounded.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English (GA, eastern AmE, and Scottish) | plus | [plʌ̟s] | 'plus' | Less fronted than other dialects. See English phonology |
| Irish | ola | [ʌlˠə] | 'oil' | See Irish phonology |
| Korean | '벌' | [pʌl] | 'punishment' | |
| Russian | голова | [gəlʌ̟ˈva] | 'head' | Occurs mostly immediately before stressed syllables. See Russian phonology |
| Vietnamese | tây | [tʌ̄j] | 'west' | See Vietnamese phonology |
Before World War II, Received Pronunciation had /ʌ/ as a phoneme; this sound has since shifted forward to [ɐ]. Despite this change, the symbol <ʌ> is still used[1]. This may be due to both tradition as well as the fact that some other dialects retain the older pronunciation.
- ^ Roca, Iggy & Johnson, Wyn (1999). Course in Phonology. Blackwell Publishing.