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History of Gnosticism

Gnosticism Mandaeism Manichaeism

Syrian-Egyptic Gnosticism Sethians Thomasines Valentinians Basilideans

Fathers of Christian Gnosticism Simon Magus Cerinthus Valentinus

Early Gnosticism Ophites Cainites Carpocratians Borborites Thomasines

Medieval Gnosticism Paulicianism Tondrakians Bogomilism Bosnian Church Catharism

Gnosticism in modern times Gnosticism in popular culture

Gnostic texts Nag Hammadi library Codex Tchacos Gnosticism and the New Testament

Related Articles Gnosis Pythagoreanism Neoplatonism and Gnosticism Esoteric Christianity Theosophy This box: view • talk • edit

The Ophites or Ophians (from Greek ὄφιανοι > ὄφις = snake): any of numerous Gnostic sects in Syria and Egypt about A.D. 100. The common trait was that these sects would give great importance to the serpent of the biblical tale of Adam and Eve, connecting the Tree of Knowledge (of Good and Evil) to gnosis. In contrast to Christian interpretations of the Serpent as Satan, Ophites viewed the serpent as the hero, and regarded the figure that the Bible identifies as God instead as being the evil demiurge.

As the Bible doesn't actually identify the serpent more than being a serpent, the Ophites felt perfectly justified in their position, pointing to the serpent's trying to cause Adam and Eve to gain knowledge, and the forbidding of this knowledge by the figure which Christianity and Judaism identify as God. Christians who supported the church orthodoxy viewed Gnosticism as their archenemy, and took particular offense at the Ophites turning their view of the serpent on its head, eventually persecuting them out of existence.

Due to the church orthodoxy destroying (in the 4th century) the Ophites' own manuscripts and texts^{[citation needed]}, most information about the ophitic sects must be gleaned from what their enemies said of them: Hippolytus (Philosoph. v.), Irenaeus (Against Heresies. i), Origen (Contra Celsum vi. 25 seq.) and Epiphanius of Salamis (Panarion. xxvi.). A few Ophite texts have been recovered from discoveries such as the Nag Hammadi find.

• The Naasseners (from Hebrew na'asch = snake)
• The Sethians.
• The Mandaeans are considered an Ophite religion that has survived (up to and including the present day).
• The Perates (from the Greek language peras, "to penetrate")
• The Borborites

• Francis Legge, Forerunners and Rivals of Christianity, From 330 B.C. to 330 A.D. (1914), reprinted in two volumes bound as one, University Books New York, 1964. LC Catalog 64-24125.
• The Ophite Diagrams, briefly by the christian Origen and Pagan Celsus. Emanations and angels reveal Persian influence.