Orders of magnitude (energy)

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This list compares various energies in joules (J), organized by order of magnitude.

Contents

SI prefix: yocto- (yJ)

  • 1.5×10-23 J, the average kinetic energy of a molecule in the Boomerang Nebula, the coldest place known outside of a laboratory, at a temperature of 1 kelvin

SI prefix: zepto- (zJ)

SI prefix: atto- (aJ)

SI prefix: femto- (fJ)

  • 5.0×10-14 J, the upper bound of the mass-energy of a muon neutrino
  • 5.1×10-14 J, the rest mass-energy of an electron

SI prefix: pico- (pJ)

SI prefix: nano- (nJ)

SI prefix: micro- (µJ)

SI prefix: milli- (mJ)

SI prefix: centi- (cJ)

SI prefix: deci- (dJ)

1 J in everyday life is approximately:

the energy required to lift a small apple (102 grams) one meter against Earth's gravity
the amount of energy, that a quiet person produces as heat, every hundredth of a second
the energy required to heat one gram of dry, cool air by 1 degree Celsius

SI prefix: deca- (daJ)

SI prefix: hecto- (hJ)

SI prefix: kilo- (kJ)

SI prefix: mega- (MJ)

  • 1×106 J, approximately the nutritional value of a snack such as a Mars bar
  • 6.3×106 J, the recommended nutritional intake per day for a woman not doing heavy labour
  • 8.4×106 the recommended nutritional intake for a man
  • 1.05×108 J ≈ 1 therm, depending on the temperature

SI prefix: giga- (GJ)

SI prefix: tera- (TJ)

SI prefix: peta- (PJ)

SI prefix: exa- (EJ)

  • 2×1018 J, the energy released by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake [7]
  • 1.37×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption in the U.S. as of 2005[4]
  • 1.46×1019J, the yearly electricity production in the U.S. as of 2005[8]
  • 5.2×1019 J, the daily energy released by an average hurricane producing rain (400 times greater than the wind energy).[9]
  • 5.67×1019 J, the yearly electricity consumption of the world as of 2005[4]
  • 9.9×1020 J, global uranium resources without using fast reactor technology.[10]

SI prefix: zetta- (ZJ)

  • 6.5×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's natural gas reserves as of 2006[11]
  • 7.4×1021 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's petroleum reserves as of 2003
  • 1.5×1022J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each day[5]
  • 2.1×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's coal reserves as of 2005[12]
  • 2.9×1022 J, identified global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[10]
  • 3.9×1022 J, the estimated energy contained in the world's fossil fuel reserves as of 2003
  • 2.2×1023 J, total global Uranium-238 resources using fast reactor technology.[10]
  • 5.0×1023 J, the approximate energy released in the formation of the Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán Peninsula[10]

SI prefix: yotta- (YJ)

  • 5.5×1024 J, the total energy from the Sun that strikes the face of the Earth each year[5]
  • 3.86×1026 J, the total energy output of the Sun each second[13]

  • 3.34×1031 J, the total energy output of the Sun each day[13]
  • 2.4×1032 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Earth[14]
  • 2.7×1033 J, the Earth's kinetic energy in its orbit[11][1]
  • 1.22×1034 J, the total energy output of the Sun each year[13]
  • 5.37×1041 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Earth
  • 6.9×1041 J, the gravitational binding energy of the Sun[14]
  • 1.2×1044 J, the estimated energy released in a supernova[15]
  • 1×1046 J, the estimated energy released in a hypernova
  • 1×1047 J, the energy released in an intense gamma ray burst
  • 1.8×1047 J, the theoretical total mass-energy of the Sun
  • 4×1058 J, the visible mass-energy in our galaxy, the Milky Way
  • 1×1059 J, the total mass-energy of the galaxy, including dark matter and dark energy
  • 4×1069 J, the estimated total mass-energy of the universe[12]

SI multiples for joule (J)
Submultiples Multiples
Value Symbol Name Value Symbol Name
10–1 J dJ decijoule 101 J daJ decajoule
10–2 J cJ centijoule 102 J hJ hectojoule
10–3 J mJ millijoule 103 J kJ kilojoule
10–6 J μJ microjoule 106 J MJ megajoule
10–9 J nJ nanojoule 109 J GJ gigajoule
10–12 J pJ picojoule 1012 J TJ terajoule
10–15 J fJ femtojoule 1015 J PJ petajoule
10–18 J aJ attojoule 1018 J EJ exajoule
10–21 J zJ zeptojoule 1021 J ZJ zettajoule
10–24 J yJ yoctojoule 1024 J YJ yottajoule


This SI unit is named after James Prescott Joule. As for all SI units whose names are derived from the proper name of a person, the first letter of its symbol is uppercase (J). But when an SI unit is spelled out, it should always be written in lowercase (joule), unless it begins a sentence or is the name "degree Celsius".
— Based on The International System of Units, section 5.2.

  1. ^ a b c KE = \tfrac{1}{2}mv^2
  2. ^ E_p = \sqrt{\frac{\hbar c^5}{G}}
  3. ^ a b Energy Units, by Arthur Smith, 21 January 2005
  4. ^ a b c d e http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table62.xls from the Energy Information Administration [1]
  5. ^ a b c The Earth has a cross section of 1.274×1014 square meters and the solar constant is 1366 watts per square meter.
  6. ^ Krakatoa#Legacy of the 1883 eruption
  7. ^ FAQ usgs.gov, 2006-09-19, '20X10^17 Joules, or 475,000 kilotons (475 megatons) of TNT'
  8. ^ http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iealf/table63.xls from the Energy Information Administration [2]
  9. ^ FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES noaa.gov
  10. ^ a b c Global Uranium Resource
  11. ^ http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/international/reserves.xls from the Energy Information Administration [3]
  12. ^ http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/international/iea2003/table82.xls from the Energy Information Administration [4]
  13. ^ a b c The Sun at http://www.nineplanets.org
  14. ^ a b U = \frac{(3/5)GM^2}{r}
    Chandrasekhar, S. 1939, An Introduction to the Study of Stellar Structure (Chicago: U. of Chicago; reprinted in New York: Dover), section 9, eqs. 90-92, p. 51 (Dover edition)
    Lang, K. R. 1980, Astrophysical Formulae (Berlin: Springer Verlag), p. 272
  15. ^ Khokhlov, A.; Mueller, E.; Hoeflich, P. (1993). "Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms". Astronomy and Astrophysics 270 (1-2): 223-248. Retrieved on 2007-07-10. 

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