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Organist
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An organist is a musician who plays any type of organ.
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The majority of organists, amateur and professional, are principally involved in church music. The pipe organ still plays a large part in the leading of traditional Christian worship, with roles including the accompaniment of hymns, choral anthems and other parts of the worship. The degree to which the organ is involved varies depending on the church and denomination. It also may depend on the standard of the organist. Many provincial organists are nothing more than pianists called on to lead worship, whereas some churches are fortunate to have trained organists capable of more elaborate "voluntaries" (the solo music before, during and after the service) and improvisation. In the twentieth-century, many pipe organs were replaced by pipe-less electronic and digital organs, often as a low-cost alternative to rebuilding older pipe organs.
In the English cathedral tradition the organist is now generally titled "Director of Music", although their function is mainly in the training and direction of music rather than actual playing; there will generally be one or more assistant or sub-organists who play most services and some recitals. Sometimes the organist will be assisted by an organ scholar. The post of organist at most of the great cathedrals includes recital work and choral training. Musicians such as Malcolm Archer, John Scott and Barry Rose are accomplished organists as well as choral directors. Another function of an organist is often as teacher to future players.
Since the strengths and weaknesses of the organ are difficult to understand without a good deal of playing experience, most music composed for organ has been written by organists. Since the majority of pre-twentieth-century organs were installed in churches, classical organ literature was almost exclusively written for liturgical use.
Many composers, therefore, are equally known for their performance talents, some historical examples being Johann Sebastian Bach, Dieterich Buxtehude, Felix Mendelssohn, and Franz Liszt. In Europe, the historical importance of churches as employers of musicians meant that many composers not now remembered for their association with the organ nevertheless were engaged as professional organists: for example, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Edward Elgar.
For a list of organists, see List of organists.
In English churches, chapels and cathedrals the Organist may also be known as Master of the Choristers, Choirmaster or Director of Music; however, there are some ancient titles still in current usage:
- Newark Parish Church - Master of the Song School
- Magdalen College, Oxford - Organist and Informator Choristarum
- Southwell Minster - Rector Chori
The theater organ has a separate repertoire and playing style, and in its heyday there were considerable numbers of organists employed. A few carry on the tradition today.
There are many organists employed in the production of popular and jazz music. In the United States most of them play the Hammond organ, and many are classically trained, often in piano rather than organ. In England and Japan, one of the most popular series of instruments is the Yamaha Electone; while Electones of recent decades are more properly characterized as digital synthesizers rather than as organs, the player interface, and the skills and coordination required to play, mean that it is effectively an organ in these respects.
In the United States, there is a national organization called the American Guild of Organists (AGO). Comparable bodies in other countries include the Royal College of Organists (RCO) in the United Kingdom, the Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde e.V. (GdO) in Germany, and the Royal Canadian College of Organists (RCCO). There is also the American Theatre Organ Society. All these institutions are oriented toward the organist involved in classical music rather than popular music.