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Panendeism
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Panendeism (from Greek πάν ( 'pan' ), meaning 'all'; -en meaning 'in' and Latin deus meaning 'God') is deism combined with the belief that the universe is part of God, but not all of God. Some panendeists have established numerous additional beliefs, and use more specialized terminology to describe them. However, any deist who believes that the universe is a part (but not the whole) of God, can be considered a panendeist.
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Traditionally, monotheism refers to belief in a god that is a separate entity within the universe, whereas pantheism (all is God) refers to the belief that God and the universe are identical. Influenced by the German Idealists Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel, the German philosopher Karl Christian Friedrich Krause (1781–1832) sought to reconcile the two beliefs and coined the term panentheism (all in God) in 1828. This conception of God influenced New England transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson however, Panentheism is best known for its use by Charles Hartshorne in his discussions of process theology and has also been adopted by proponents of various New Thought beliefs.
The term panendeism was purportedly coined in late 2000 by Larry Copling in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, although some earlier uses have been spotted. For example, a 1995 news article quotes this use of the term by Jim Garvin a Vietnam vet who became a Trappist monk in the Holy Cross Abbey[1] of Berryville, Virginia, and went on to lead the economic development of Phoenix, Arizona. Garvin described his spiritual position as "'pandeism' or 'pan-en-deism,' something very close to the Native American concept of the all- pervading Great Spirit..."[1]
Copling coinage came while developing a more deistic interpretation of the panentheistic approach to understanding the Divine. The term was first published on Copling's website, http://www.panendeism.com in early 2001. A more complete description of the concept was later made available via an article published on Copling's personal website (http://www.copling.com) in 2004. The original ideology known as "PanenDeism", as outlined by the writings of Larry Copling, continue in their present development.
Panendeism is monotheistic simply because it is not polytheistic. However, many panentheists consider panentheism as transcending the one vs. many dichotomy. They regard panentheism as wholly distinct from monotheism, pantheism, and polytheism. Accordingly, the classical forms of deism may be regarded as monodeistic to distinguish them from newer forms of pandeism and panendeism, reserving the term Deism to describe all such belief systems that rely on reason and reject revealed religion.
While the "watchmaker" conception of God was prevalent among many early deists, it is not a requirement of modern deism. (In fact, even early deists disagreed on God's role in the universe; compare English deism with French deism.) In panendeism, there may even arise doubts that the universe was "created". Deism is a dynamic category of beliefs that can change with time. What is most important in deism is the belief in God through reason and experience, and the rejection of revealed religion. Since panendeists agree with these underlying principles, they are deists, even if their conception of God differs with that of classical deists.
- ^ Albuquerque Journal, Saturday, November 11, 1995, B-10.
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