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Parapatric speciation
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Parapatric speciation is a form of speciation that occurs due to variations in mating frequency of a population within a continuous geographical area.
In this model, the parent species lives in a continuous habitat, in contrast with allopatric speciation where subpopulations become geographically isolated.
Niches in this habitat can differ along a environmental gradient, hampering gene flow, and thus creating a cline.
An example[1] of this is the grass Anthoxanthum, which has been known to undergo parapatric speciation in such cases as mine contamination of an area. This creates a selection pressure for tolerance to those metals. Flowering time generally changes (in an attempt at character displacement—strong selection against interbreeding—as the hybrids are generally ill-suited to the environment) and often plants will become self-pollinating.
Another example is ring species.
- ^ "Evolution in closely adjacent plant populations X: long-term persistence of pre-reproductive isolation at a mine boundary." Heredity. 2006 Jul;97(1):33-7. Epub 2006 Apr 26. Abstract.
"Parapatric speciation." in Understanding Evolution at evolution.berkeley.edu
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| Basic concepts: | Species • Cline • Chronospecies • Speciation |
| Modes of speciation: | Allopatric • Peripatric • Parapatric • Sympatric • Polyploidy • Paleopolyploidy |
| Auxiliary mechanisms: | Sexual selection • Assortative mating • Punctuated equilibrium |
| Intermediate stages: | Hybrid • Ring species • Haldane's rule |
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| Evidence of evolution | |
| Processes of evolution | Adaptation · Macroevolution · Microevolution · Speciation |
| Population genetic mechanisms | natural selection · genetic drift · gene flow · mutation |
| Evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-devo) concepts |
Phenotypic plasticity · Canalisation · Modularity |
| Modes of evolution | Anagenesis · Catagenesis · Cladogenesis |
| History | History of evolutionary thought · Charles Darwin · On the Origin of Species · Modern evolutionary synthesis · Evolutionary history of life |
| Other subfields | Ecological genetics · Human evolution · Molecular evolution · Phylogenetics · Systematics |
| List of evolutionary biology topics · Timeline of evolution | |