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The Partition of Babylon designates the attribution of the territories by Alexander the Great between his generals, soon after his death in 323 BCE. The partition was a result of a compromise, essentially brokered by Eumenes, following a conflict of opinion between the party of Meleager, who wished to give full power to Philip III of Macedon, and the party of Perdiccas, who wished to wait for the birth of the heir of Alexander (the future Alexander IV of Macedon) to give him the throne under the control of a regent. Under the agreement, Philip III became king, but Perdiccas, as a regent, ruled. Perdiccas, as regent, managed the repartition of the territories between the former generals and satraps of Alexander. Meleager and about 300 of his partisans were eliminated by Perdiccas soon after.

Justin describes in details how the various territories were attributed:

-"In the first place Egypt, with part of Africa and Arabia, fell by lot to Ptolemy, whom Alexander, for his merit, had raised from the condition of a common soldier;

- and Cleomenes, who had built Alexandria, was directed to put the province into his hands.

- Laomedon of Mytilene was allotted Syria, which bordered on Ptolemy's province;

- Philotas, Cilicia;

- and Philo, Illyria.

- Atropates was set over the Greater Media;

- the father-in-law of Perdiccas over the Less.

- Susiana was assigned to Scynus [this is thought to be an error as Arrian says Susiana went to Antigenes]

- and the Greater Phrygia to Antigonus, the son of Philip.

- Nearchus received Lycia and Pamphylia;

- Cassander, Caria;

- and Menander, Lydia.

- The Lesser Phrygia fell to Leonnatus;

- Thrace, and the coasts of the Pontic sea, to Lysimachus;

- Cappadocia and Paphlagonia were given to Eumenes.

The chief command of the camp fell to Seleucus the son of Antiochus. Cassander, the son of Antipater, was made commander of the king's guards and attendants.

In Ulterior Bactriana, and the countries of India, the present governors were allowed to retain their office.

- The region between the rivers Hydaspes and Indus, Taxiles received.

- To the colonies settled in India, Python, the son of Agenor, was sent.

- Of Paropamisia, and the borders of mount Caucasus, Extarches had the command.

- The Arachosians and Gedrosians were assigned to Sibyrtius;

- the Drancae and Arci to Stasanor.

- Amyntas was allotted the Bactrians,

- Scythaeus, the Sogdians,

- Nicanor, the Parthians,

- Philip, the Hyrcanians,

- Phrataphernes, the Armenians,

- Tlepolemus, the Persians,

- Peucestas, the Babylonians,

- Archon, the Pelasgians,

- Arcesilaus, Mesopotamia."

Justin, Epitome of the Philippic History of Pompeius Trogus XIII-4

This partition was followed by a second one, the Partition of Triparadisus, in 320 BCE.