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William Payne Whitney (March 20, 1876 - May 25, 1927) was a wealthy American businessman and member of the influential Whitney family.

The son of William C. Whitney and Flora Payne, and younger brother to Harry, Payne Whitney attended Groton School and then Yale University. There, he was a member of Skull & Bones, Delta Kappa Epsilon, and captained the Yale rowing team. In later years, he helped finance the team, including donating funds to build a dormitory for the crew. After graduating in 1898, Whitney then studied law at the Harvard Law School, receiving his Bachelor of Laws in 1901.

In 1902, he married Helen Hay (1875-1944), the daughter of former United States Secretary of State and Ambassador to Britain John Hay. Their Stanford White-designed house at 972 Fifth Avenue was a wedding gift from his maternal uncle, Oliver Hazard Payne. The couple also had an estate, Greentree, in Manhasset. Their son, John Hay Whitney, also served as the U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom. Daughter Joan, an avid sportsperson, was the first owner of the New York Mets Major League Baseball team.

Payne Whitney inherited a large fortune from his father as well as from his maternal uncle. Amongst his many investments, Whitney had major holdings in banking, tobacco, railroads, and oil. He was a member of the board of directors and/or an executive officer of several large corporations, including the City Bank New York, the Great Northern Paper Company, and the Northern Finance Corporation.

Throughout his life, Payne Whitney was involved in philanthropic work for a variety of causes. A trustee of the New York Public Library in 1923 he gifted the library $12,000,000.

A horse racing enthusiast in the tradition of his father and brother, Payne Whitney's Greentree Stable, named for country estate at Manhasset on Long Island, was a significant racing and breeding operation for thoroughbred horses.

Whitney died in 1927 at his Greentree estate. His will bequeathed more than $20 million to the New York Hospital and smaller amounts to other educational and medical institutions. His estate funds contributed to the establishment of the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic at New York-Presbyterian Hospital in 1932. Although he had contributed $1,000,000 to the Yale Endowment Fund shortly before his death, sufficient estate funds were also given to Yale to enable construction of the 9½ storey Payne Whitney Gym that too was completed in 1932. As a tribute to him, a road in Manhasset, New York was named after him, Payne Whitney Lane.

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