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Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge located on the north end of North Carolina's Hatteras Island, a coastal barrier island and part of a chain of islands known as the Outer Banks, adjacent to Cape Hatteras National Seashore. The sanctuary is located 10 miles south of Nags Head, North Carolina on NC 12.

The refuge objectives are to provide nesting, resting, and wintering habitat for migratory birds, including the greater snow geese and other migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, wading birds, raptors, and neotropical migrants, as well as habitat and protection for endangered and threatened species. Objectives also include providing opportunities for public enjoyment of wildlife and wildlands resources. Public use programs focus on interpretation, environmental education, wildlife observation, wildlife photography, and fishing.

The refuge was established May 17, 1937. It includes 5,834 acres (23.6 km²) of land and 25,700 acres (104 km²) Proclamation Boundary Waters. The refuge is approximentally 13 miles long (north to south) and ranges from a quarter mile to 1 mile wide (from east to west).

The refuge is administered by the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge as a part of a refuge complex; he manager of the Alligator River refuge supervises the managers of the Mackay Island, Currituck, and Pocosin Lakes National Wildlife Refuges. The Comprehensive Conservation Management Plan for the refuge is in the process of being formulated. A 36-person staff administers both Pea Island and Alligator River National Wildlife Refuges, with a budge of $2,827K (FY 03) for both refuges. Numerous volunteers devote approximately 35,000 hours each year to the Refuge.

There are 2.7 million visitors annually. Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge is known as a "Birder's Paradise"; birders make up some of the many visitors. Other eco-tourists include canoeists and kayakers, beachcombers, surf and sound anglers, and nature photographers.

The refuge is comprised of ocean beach, dunes, upland, fresh and brackish water ponds, salt flats, and salt marsh. There are more than 365 species of birds, 25 species of mammals, 24 species of reptiles, and 5 species of amphibians. There are concentrations of ducks, geese, swans, wading birds, shore birds, and raptors. There are neotropical migrants that are seasonally abundant on refuge. The refuge has 1,000 acres (4 km²) of manageable waterfowl impoundments, and there are several shorebird nesting areas and wading bird rookeries are located in the refuge. Endangered and threatened species include peregrine falcons, loggerhead sea turtles, and piping plovers.

The refuge area was historically used for market waterfowl hunting, commercial fishing, farming, and livestock operations.

• Pea Island fact sheet (.pdf)

• Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge official site
• Alligator River Refuge official site