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Montenegro

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Montenegro

Constitution President Filip Vujanović Government Prime Minister Željko Šturanović Cabinet Parliament Political parties Elections and referenda Parliamentary: 2002 | 2006 Presidential: 2007 Referenda: 1992 | 2006 Foreign relations Subdivisions

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Politics of Montenegro (Политика Црне Горе, Tr. Politika Crne Gore) takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Montenegro is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Montenegro. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Politics of Montenegro will undergo rapid change since its independence.

Contents 1 Constitution 2 Executive branch 2.1 President 2.2 Government 2.3 Prime Minister 3 Legislative branch 4 Political parties and elections 5 Judicial branch 6 Subdivisions 7 Symbols 8 See also 9 External links

Montenegro's Parliament approved the Republican Constitution on 12 October 1992. This established Montenegro as a democratic sovereign state. Power is vested in its citizens, who exercise it directly through the election of representatives to the Parliament. Decisions related to changes in constitutional status or to an alteration of borders are subject to a vote of the citizens of Montenegro exercised in a referendum.

Main office holders

Office	Name	Party	Since
President	Filip Vujanović	DPS	22 March 2003
Prime Minister	Željko Šturanović	DPS	10 November 2006

The current Government of the Republic of Montenegro (Влада Републике Црне Горе, Vlada Republike Crne Gore) comprises the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers as well as ministers. Milo Đukanović is the Prime Minister of Montenegro and head of the Government. The ruling party in Montenegro is the Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (DPS) (Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crna Gore)

The President of Montenegro is elected for a period of five years through direct and secret ballots. The President:

• Represents Montenegro in the country and abroad
• Promulgates laws
• Calls for Parliamentary elections
• Proposes to the Parliament a candidate for Prime Minister, as well as for the president and justices of the Constitutional Court
• Proposes the holding of a referendum
• Grants pardons
• Confers honors and decorations

The Government of Montenegro is appointed by majority vote of the Parliament. The Government:

• Formulates and conducts foreign policy
• Adopts decrees and other regulations
• Implements laws
• Concludes international treaties
• Establishes the organization and the mode of operation of the government administration
• Performs other duties as laid down in the Constitution

The Prime Minister of Montenegro directs the work of the Government, and submits to the Parliament the Government's Program including a list of proposed ministers. The resignation of the Prime Minister will cause the fall of the Government.

The Assembly of Montenegro (Скупштина Републике Црне Горе, Skupština Republike Crne Gore) has 77 members elected for a four year term. Montenegro has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties must work with each other to form coalition governments. The Assembly passes all laws in Montenegro, ratifies international treaties, appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and justices of all courts, adopts the budget and performs other duties as established by the Constitution. The Parliament can pass a vote of no-confidence on the Government by a majority of the members. One deputy is elected per 6,000 voters, which in turn results in a reduction of total number of deputies in the Assembly of Montenegro (the present assembly convening comprises 78 deputies instead of previous number of 71).

For other political parties see List of political parties in Montenegro. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Montenegro.

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Summary of the 9 February 2003 Montenegro presidential election results

Candidates	Votes	%
Filip Vujanović - Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne Gore)	174,429	81.84
Dragan Hajduković	15,356	7.2
Aleksandar Vasilijević	7,885	3.7
Milan Radulović	3,392	1.59
Jovan Pejović	1,097	0.51
Milan Šparović	870	0.41
Obrad Marković	839	0.39
Ilija Darmanović	833	0.39
Milivoje Bakić	769	0.36
Mihailo Marković	456	0.21
Đorđe Milić	278	0.13
Total (turnout 46.6%)	206,204	96.73
Source: Centre for Democratic Tranisition

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Summary of the 11 May 2003 Montenegro presidential election results

Candidates	Votes	%
Filip Vujanović - Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro (Демократска Партија Социјалиста Црне Горе, Demokratska Partija Socijalista Crne Gore)	139,620	63.3
Miodrag Zivković - Liberal Alliance of Montenegro (Либерални Савез Црне Горе, Liberalni Savez Crne Gore)	68,133	31.6
Dragan Hajduković	9,242	4.6
Total (turnout 48.3%)	216,995	99.5
Source: Centre for Democratic Tranisition

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Summary of the 10 September 2006 Parliament of Montenegro election results

Party	Votes	%	Seats
Coalition for European Montenegro - Milo Đukanović - DPS-SDP	153,377	49.59	39
Serbian List - Andrija Mandić	47,438	15.34	12
Coalition SNP-NS-DSS	45,745	14.79	11
Movement for Changes - Nebojša Medojević	42,998	13.9	11
"Liberals and the Bosniak Party - correct in the past, right for the future" - Miodrag-Miko Živković	11,812	3.82	3
Civic List	2,739	0.89	0
Alliance of Communists of Yugoslavia - Communists of Montenegro	2,129	0.69	0
"Coalition Democratic Alliance in Montenegro-Party of Democratic Prosperity, Mehmet Bardhi"	1,050	0.34	0
Democratic Party of Montenegro - The missing piece	907	0.29	0
Democratic Union of Albanians - Ferhat Dinoša	596	0.19	0
Albanian Alternative	328	0.11	0
New Democratic Power - FORCA	158	0.05	0
Total (turnout 71.3% out of 484,430)			76
Source: Vijesti

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Summary of the 10 September 2006 Parliament of Montenegro election results for Albanian minority representation

Party	Votes	%	Seats
Coalition for European Montenegro - Milo Đukanović - DPS-SDP	4,682	29.37	1
Democratic Union of Albanians - Ferhat Dinoša	2,782	17.45	1
"Coalition Democratic Alliance in Montenegro-Party of Democratic Prosperity, Mehmet Bardhi"	2,602	16.32	1
New Democratic Power - FORCA	1,964	12.32	1
Albanian Alternative	1,877	11.77	1
Coalition SNP-NS-DSS	582	3.65	0
Movement for Changes - Nebojša Medojević	439	2.75	0
Serbian List - Andrija Mandić	420	2.63	0
"Liberals and the Bosniak Party - correct in the past, right for the future" - Miodrag-Miko Živković	269	1.69	0
Democratic Party of Montenegro - The missing piece	170	1.07	0
Alliance of Communists of Yugoslavia - Communists of Montenegro	85	0.53	0
Civic List	68	0.43	0
Total			5
Source: Vijesti

Montenegro follows the principle of division of powers. Its judicial, legislative, and executive branches are independent of each other. The judiciary is autonomous and independent. The rulings of the courts must be in accordance with the Constitution and the laws of Montenegro. Appointment to a judiciary position is permanent.

Main article: Municipalities of Montenegro

Montenegro is divided in 21 municipalities.

A new official flag of Montenegro was adopted on July 12, 2004 by the Montenegrin legislature. The new flag is based on the personal standard of King Nikola I of Montenegro. This flag was all red with a gold border, a gold coat of arms, and the initials HI in Cyrillic script (corresponding to NI in Latin script) representing King Nikola I. These initials are omitted from the modern flag.

The national day of 13 July marks the date in 1878 when the Congress of Berlin recognised Montenegro as the 27th independent state in the world and the start of the first popular uprising in Europe against the Axis Powers on 13 July 1941 in Montenegro.

In 2004, the Montenegrin legislature selected a popular Montenegrin folk song, "Oh the Bright Dawn of May", as the national anthem. Montenegro's official anthem during the reign of King Nikola was Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori (To our beautiful Montenegro). The music was composed by the King's son Knjaz Mirko. The Montenegrin popular anthem has been Onamo, 'namo! since King Nikola I wrote it in the 1860s.

• Government of Montenegro

• Parliament of Montenegro
• Government of Montenegro
• President of Montenegro
• The Njegoskij Fund Public Project >> Country Profile on Montenegro