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Portcullis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A portcullis is a grille or gate made of wood, metal or a combination of the two.
Portcullises fortified the entrances to many medieval castles, acting as a last line of defence during time of attack or siege. Each portcullis was mounted in vertical grooves in castle walls and could be raised or lowered quickly by means of chains or ropes attached to an internal winch.
There would often be two portcullises to the main entrance. The one closest to the inside would be closed first and then the one furthest away. This was used to trap the enemy and often, burning wood or hot oil would be poured onto them from the roof. Also, archers could shoot arrows at the trapped enemies. There were often arrow holes in the sides of the walls for archers and crossbowman to eliminate the besieging army.
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By analogy to the gates, a portcullis is also the name given to a device used for quick change or scenes in theatrical stagecraft. The painted scene is attached to a grille, which then is made to appear in the stage, by moving it with a winch.
The portcullis often appears as a device or emblem in heraldry, such as that employed as the symbol for the Palace of Westminster in London. One example of where a portcullis is found is on a UK one penny coin, and another on the Canada Customs crest. Portcullis Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary is also one of the officers of arms at the College of Arms in London.
 A portcullis in Stirling Castle, Scotland |
 Gate with portcullis in the Palazzo d'Accursio, Bologna, Italy |
 A portcullis in Edinburgh Castle |
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 The British 1 penny coin |
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