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The Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (国务院副总理), otherwise known as the Vice Premier of the State Council, is a high-ranking executive assistant to the Premier. There is an Executive Vice-Premier, who takes over duties of the Premier at the time of the latter's incapacity. In addition, there are numerous other Vice-Premiers who assume certain broad portfolios.

Current Vice-Premiers, in order of rank, are Wu Yi, Hui Liangyu and Zeng Peiyan. Former Executive Vice Premier Huang Ju died in June 2007. It is not known whether or not Wu Yi would assume the title, as she is now de facto first in rank.

In irregular instances, the position of an "Executive Vice-Premier" (国务院常务副总理) or "First Vice-Premier" (国务院第一副总理) has been named either to indicate degree of power, nominal power, or when the Premier is incapacitated and requires a full time assistant to carry out his regular duties. Notable Executive Vice-Premiers have included:

• Deng Xiaoping, during the illness of Zhou Enlai, 1973—1976, again after political rehabilitation under Premier Hua Guofeng, 1978—1983.
• Wan Li, under Premier Zhao Ziyang's second term, 1983-1988
• Yao Yilin, under Premier Li Peng's first term, 1988-1993
• Zhu Rongji, under Premier Li Peng's second term, 1993-1998
• Li Lanqing, under Premier Zhu Rongji, 1998-2003
• Huang Ju, under Premier Wen Jiabao, 2003-2007 (died in office)
• The post has been vacant since Huang's death.

Ordered in political position ranking

• the 1st National People's Congress (1954-1959)

1. Chen Yun
2. Lin Biao
3. Peng Dehuai
4. Deng Xiaoping
5. Deng Zihui (邓子恢)
6. He Long
7. Chen Yi
8. Ulanhu
9. Li Fuchun (李富春)
10. Li Xiannian

• the 2nd National People's Congress (1959-1964)

1. Chen Yun
2. Lin Biao
3. Peng Dehuai
4. Deng Xiaoping
5. Deng Zihui
6. He Long
7. Chen Yi
8. Ulanhu
9. Li Fuchun
10. Li Xiannian
11. Nie Rongzhen
12. Bo Yibo
13. Tan Zhenlin (谭震林)
14. Lu Dingyi (陆定一)
15. Luo Ruiqing
16. Xi Zhongxun

• the 3rd National People's Congress (1965-1975)

1. Lin Biao
2. Chen Yun
3. Deng Xiaoping
4. He Long
5. Chen Yi
6. Ke Qingshi (柯庆施)
7. Ulanhu
8. Li Fuchun (李富春)
9. Li Xiannian
10. Tan Zhenlin (谭震林)
11. Nie Rongzhen
12. Bo Yibo
13. Lu Dingyi (陆定一)
14. Luo Ruiqing
15. Tao Zhu (陶铸)
16. Xie Fuzhi

• the 4th National People's Congress (1975-1978)

1. Deng Xiaoping
2. Zhang Chunqiao
3. Li Xiannian
4. Chen Xilian (陈锡联)
5. Ji Dengkui (纪登奎)
6. Hua Guofeng
7. Chen Yonggui (陈永贵)
8. Wu Guixian (吴桂贤)
9. Wang Zhen
10. Yu Qiuli (余秋里)
11. Gu Mu (谷牧)
12. Song Jian (宋健)

• the 5th National People's Congress (1978-1983)

1. Deng Xiaoping
2. Li Xiannian
3. Xu Xiangqian
4. Ji Dengkui
5. Yu Qiuli
6. Chen Xilian
7. Geng Biao (耿飚)
8. Chen Yonggui
9. Fang Yi (方毅)
10. Wang Zhen
11. Gu Mu
12. Kang Shi'en (康世恩)
13. Chen Muhua (陈慕华)

• the 6th National People's Congress (1983-1988)

1. Wan Li
2. Yao Yilin (姚依林)
3. Li Peng
4. Tian Jiyun

• the 7th National People's Congress (1988-1993)

1. Yao Yilin
2. Tian Jiyun
3. Wu Xueqian (吴学谦)

• the 8th National People's Congress (1993-1998)

1. Zhu Rongji
2. Zou Jiahua (邹家华)
3. Qian Qichen
4. Li Lanqing

• the 9th National People's Congress (1998-2003)

1. Li Lanqing
2. Qian Qichen
3. Wu Bangguo
4. Wen Jiabao

• the 10th National People's Congress (2003-2008)

1. Huang Ju
2. Wu Yi
3. Zeng Peiyan
4. Hui Liangyu