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Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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The Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (French: Premier-ministre de la République démocratique du Congo, Swahili: Waziri Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Lingala: Minisele ya Yambo wa Republiki ya Kɔ́ngɔ Demokratiki) , is Congo's Head of Government.
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The position of prime minister was already present in the first government after independence of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with the first and very popular Prime Minister Patrice Emery Lumumba. Over the years te position's powers and attributions have varied widely, and there were long periods of time under the Mobutu Sese Seko, and the period following the First Congo War, where the position was abolished.
Aside from the Lumumba government, the Congo (DRC) has known several powerful figures in the position, such as Moise Tshombe who had previously led a secession of his native Katanga province, and Etienne Tshisekedi, the long-time opponent of the Mobutu regime, who was brought to this position three times, by pressure from the people.
The position resurfaced as an institution of the new Congolese constititution, and Antoine Gizenga was appointed as the first Prime Minister of the Third Republic, on December 30, 2006. Gizenga was already Lumumba's Deputy-Prime Minister in 1960.
Under the constitution of the third republic, the Prime Minister shares the leadership of the executive branch of goverment, with the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Head of State. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, from the party or political group that has the majority in the National Assembly.
The Prime Minister has a secondary role in the executive branch, when he or she is from the same party as the president, as the head of the executive is constitutionally the President. However when there is cohabitation (i.e., when the President is of one party while another party controls the National Assembly) the Prime Minister's importance is enhanced because the president has little power to be exercised by himself or herself alone.
The constitution does not expressly outline any direct requirement for this position. The only litmus is the approval by the National Assembly of the government's composition and program, which then leads to the investiture of the government.