From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Prince Philip
Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip in 2007
Consort to	Elizabeth II
Issue
Charles, Prince of Wales Anne, Princess Royal Andrew, Duke of York Edward, Earl of Wessex
Full name
Philip[1]
Detail Titles
HRH The Duke of Edinburgh Cmdr Philip Mountbatten RN HRH Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark
Royal house	House of Oldenburg
Father	Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Mother	Princess Alice of Battenberg
Born	10 June 1921 (1921-06-10) (age 86) Villa Mon Repos, Corfu, Greece
Baptised	St. George's Church, the Palaio Frourio, Corfu
Occupation	Prev. military

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (born Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark, 10 June 1921)^[2] is the husband and consort of Queen Elizabeth II.

Originally a Prince of Greece and Denmark, Prince Philip abandoned these titles shortly before his marriage. At the time of his engagement he was known as Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten. In 1947, he married Princess Elizabeth, the heiress to King George VI. Prince Philip was a member of the Danish-German House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, which includes the royal houses of Denmark, Norway and Greece.

The day before his marriage, George VI granted him the style of His Royal Highness and, on the morning of the marriage, created him Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth and Baron Greenwich. In 1957, Philip was created a Prince of the United Kingdom. When he became a British subject Prince Philip took the surname Mountbatten, which is an anglicised version of his mother's German family name, Battenberg.

In addition to his royal duties, the Duke of Edinburgh is also the patron of many organisations, including The Duke of Edinburgh's Award and the World Wide Fund for Nature, and he is Chancellor of both the University of Edinburgh and the University of Cambridge. In particular, he has devoted himself to raising public awareness of the relationship of humanity with the environment since visiting the Southern Antarctic Islands in 1956, and has published and spoken widely for half a century on this subject. See Wikiquote excerpts from these speeches.

The prince continues to fulfil his public duties as a member of the British Royal Family, and is an established public figure in the United Kingdom and in the Commonwealth Realms. He has gained something of a reputation for making controversial remarks, some of which have been accused of being racist^[3], particularly when meeting the British public or on state visits to other countries.

Prince Philippos of Greece and Denmark was born on 10 June 1921 at Villa Mon Repos on Corfu, a Greek island in the Ionian Sea. His father was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark, the fourth son of Greece's King George I, who was of partial Byzantine Greek descent, and Queen Olga of Greece. His mother was the former Princess Alice of Battenberg, elder daughter of the 1st Marquess of Milford Haven (formerly Prince Louis of Battenberg) and his wife, the former Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine. Lady Milford Haven, through her mother, the Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine (formerly Princess Alice of the United Kingdom), was a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Philip's mother Princess Alice, who ended her life as a Greek Orthodox nun and sheltered Jewish refugees in Athens during World War II, was also a sister of Queen Louise of Sweden; George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven; and Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma. He is currently the oldest living great-great grandchild of Queen Victoria, as well as her second-oldest living descendant after Prince Carl Johan of Sweden.

The Prince was baptised a few days after his birth at St. George's Church in the Palaio Frourio ("Old Fortress") in Haddokkos, Corfu. His godparents were Queen Olga and the Corfu community (represented by Alexander S. Kokotos, Mayor of Corfu, and Stylianos I. Maniarizis, Chairman of Corfu City Council). In later life he has had a rediscovered interest in his original Greek Orthodox faith.

Prince Andrew and Princess Alice remained in residence on the Island of Corfu for 18 months. Greece was politically unstable, and it was expected that the monarchy would soon be overthrown. On 22 September 1922, Constantine I was forced to abdicate the throne. A revolutionary court sentenced Prince Andrew, his younger brother, to banishment for life.^[4] Fortunately for the family, George V ordered that the Royal Navy vessel, HMS Calypso, evacuate the family, and Philip was carried to safety in a cot made from an orange box.

Philip has survived his four elder sisters, all of whom married German princes:

• Princess Margarita of Greece and Denmark (1905-1981) married Gottfried, 8th Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg and had issue;
• Princess Theodora of Greece and Denmark (1906-1969) married Berthold, Margrave of Baden and had issue;
• Princess Cecilie of Greece and Denmark (1911-1937) married Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, had issue;
• Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (1914-2001) married first Prince Christoph of Hesse-Cassel, had issue, and, after Prince Christoph's accidental death in 1943, Prince George William of Hanover, had issue.

Philip's first real family tragedy occurred in 1937, when his sister Cecilie, her husband, mother-in-law and two young sons were killed in the Sabena OO-AUB Ostend crash. Philip, who was only sixteen at the time, attended the funeral in Darmstadt.

British Royal Family
HM The Queen HRH The Duke of Edinburgh HRH The Prince of Wales HRH The Duchess of Cornwall HRH Prince William of Wales HRH Prince Henry of Wales HRH The Princess Royal HRH The Duke of York HRH Princess Beatrice of York HRH Princess Eugenie of York HRH The Earl of Wessex HRH The Countess of Wessex Lady Louise Windsor Viscount Severn HRH The Duke of Gloucester HRH The Duchess of Gloucester HRH The Duke of Kent HRH The Duchess of Kent HRH Prince Michael of Kent HRH Princess Michael of Kent HRH Princess Alexandra
v • d • e

Prince Andrew and Princess Alice, along with their children, fled to Paris where they took up residence at Saint-Cloud, in a villa belonging to Prince Andrew's sister-in-law Princess Marie Bonaparte. After being exiled, the marriage of Prince Philip's parents began to crumble. His father retired to the South of France. His mother was diagnosed as suffering effects of schizophrenia.^[5] Following her recovery, she turned increasingly toward religion. Afterwards, Prince Philip was to see little of them.

Prince Philip's education began at The American School of Paris in Saint-Cloud. However, his grandmother, Lady Milford Haven, advised her daughter to have him educated in England. He subsequently departed for the Surrey preparatory school Cheam.

Aged 12, Prince Philip departed England for Germany, studying at Schule Schloss Salem, a school in Southern Germany that belonged to Prince Maximilian of Baden, the father of his brother-in-law. Prince Philip left Germany in 1936, and went to Gordonstoun where he flourished academically and socially. He was the head of the hockey and cricket teams, and eventually became Head Boy. Prince Philip was so fond of the school that he later sent his sons, Charles, Andrew and Edward, there, though they experienced the school with mixed results. The school's royal association continued with Princess Anne, who sent both her children to Gordonstoun - though neither she nor her husband attended it.

After leaving Gordonstoun in 1939, Prince Philip joined the Royal Navy, graduating in 1940 from the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth as the best cadet in his course.^[6]

Commissioned as a Midshipman, Prince Philip spent six months on the battleship HMS Ramillies then serving in the Indian Ocean. In January 1941 he was posted to the Mediterranean fleet aboard the battleship HMS Valiant where, amongst other engagements, he was involved in the Battle of Crete. He was mentioned in despatches for his service during the Battle of Cape Matapan and was also awarded the Greek War Cross of Valour.^[7]

Promoted Sub-Lieutenant, and after a series of courses, Prince Philip was posted to the destroyer HMS Cornwallace, where he was subsequently involved in convoy escort tasks. Promotion to Lieutenant followed on 16 July 1942 and in October 1942, he became the ship's First Lieutenant (at 21 years of age, he was one of the youngest to be appointed a First Lieutenant). Whilst with HMS Cornwallace, he took part in the Allied invasion of Sicily.^[8]

Prince Philip was later posted as the First Lieutenant of the new destroyer HMS Whelp where he saw service with the British Pacific Fleet in the 27th Destroyer Flotilla, including being present in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese surrender was signed. He eventually returned to Britain with the ship in January 1946. In the post-war years, Prince Philip served as an instructor at the Petty Officers' School, attended Naval Staff College, Greenwich.^[9]

Prince Philip has for many years been Commander and Chief of the oldest Canadian Infantry Regiment, the Royal Canadian Regiment. This regiment continues to be the only Regiment in the Commonwealth to be authorized to wear a dead Monarch's insignia, that being Queen Victoria's insignia.

On 20 November 1947, Prince Philip married the heiress presumptive to the British throne, The Princess Elizabeth, eldest daughter of George VI and Queen Elizabeth, his third cousin through Queen Victoria and second cousin, once removed through Christian IX of Denmark. The couple married at Westminster Abbey in London with the ceremony recorded and broadcast by the BBC.

The Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh on their wedding day.

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip, May 2007

Before they could marry, Prince Philip was required to convert from Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism, to renounce his allegiance to the Greek Crown, and to become a naturalised British subject.^[10] He renounced his Greek and Danish royal titles on 18 March 1947 and decided to take the name Mountbatten, an Anglicised version of Battenberg, his mother's family name. The day before his wedding, King George VI titled his future son-in-law Duke of Edinburgh, Earl of Merioneth, and Baron Greenwich, of Greenwich in the County of London.

The King also issued Letters patent creating the Duke of Edinburgh His Royal Highness. After their marriage, his wife became Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh. On the popular but erroneous assumption that if Philip had the style of 'Royal Highness' he was automatically a prince, media reports often mentioned "Prince Philip", with or without reference to his ducal title. Although the princely prefix was omitted in the Regency Act of 1953 and in Letters Patent of November 1953 appointing Counsellors of State, it had been included in the Letters Patent of 22 October 1948 conferring princely rank on children of his marriage to Princess Elizabeth. George VI, however, appears to have been clear and intentional in having withheld the princely title from his future son-in-law.^[11] From 1947 to 1957, Philip's correct style was His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

In post-war Britain it was not acceptable to invite any of the Duke of Edinburgh's German relations to his wedding. The sole exception was his mother, who was born at Windsor of parents who had both renounced their German titles. Excluded from the invitation list were his three surviving sisters, each of whom had married German aristocrats, some with Nazi connections. (His sister Princess Sophie's first husband, Prince Christophe of Hesse had been a member of the Schutzstaffel (SS) and an aide to Heinrich Himmler.) Also, the bride's aunt Mary, Princess Royal allegedly refused to attend because her brother, the Duke of Windsor (who abdicated in 1936), was not invited due to his unusual marital situation. She gave ill health as the official reason for not attending.^[12]

The Duke of Edinburgh accompanies the newly crowned Queen Elizabeth II back from Westminster Abbey on her coronation day

After their marriage, the Duke and Duchess of Edinburgh took up residence at Clarence House in London. The Duke was keen to pursue his naval career. However the knowledge that it would be eclipsed by his wife's future role as Queen was always in his mind. Nevertheless, he returned to the Navy after his honeymoon, and from 1949 was stationed in Malta after being posted as First Lieutenant of the destroyer HMS Chequers in the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1950, he was promoted to Lieutenant Commander and given command of the frigate HMS Magpie. He was promoted to Commander at the beginning of 1952.^[13]

In January 1952, the Duke and Princess Elizabeth set off for a tour of the Commonwealth, with planned visits to Africa, Australia and New Zealand. On 6 February, when they were in Kenya, the Princess' father, King George VI, died, and she ascended the Throne as Queen Elizabeth II. The Duke broke the news to the new Queen at their hotel (Tree Tops). As a result of the King's passing, the visits to Australia and New Zealand were postponed until 1954. The Duke was resigned to the fact that his naval career was now over, and he had a new role as the consort of the British monarch.

The accession of Elizabeth II to the throne brought up the question of the name of the Royal House. The Duke's uncle, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, had advocated the new name House of Mountbatten, as Elizabeth would typically have taken Philip's name on marriage. When Queen Mary, Elizabeth's grandmother, heard about this, she informed Sir Winston Churchill who later advised the Queen to issue a proclamation declaring that the Royal House was to remain the House of Windsor. Philip bitterly remarked that he had been "turned into an amoeba".

In 1952, the Duke was given the rank and titles Admiral of the Fleet, Field Marshal, and Marshal of the Royal Air Force. He was also made the Captain-General of the Royal Marines. As was the established tradition with all previous monarchs, the Queen as Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces outranks, by virtue of being Sovereign, all military personnel.

The Duke of Edinburgh has supported the Queen in her role for 60 years. The Queen and Duke attend state visits abroad, and receive foreign dignitaries together. The Duke often carries out his own separate engagements on behalf of the Queen at home and abroad.

The Duke is also patron of many organisations. He established The Duke of Edinburgh's Award in 1956 to give young people "a sense of responsibility to themselves and their communities". The scheme now operates in 100 countries around the world. He has also been President of the World Wide Fund for Nature.

In 1956-1957, the Duke took a round-the-world voyage on board HMY Britannia, visiting remote islands of the Commonwealth. This was when he first became aware of the effects of human industrialisation on the natural environment.^{[citation needed]}

Prince Philip and the President of the United States George W. Bush inspecting the Guard of Honour during the ceremonial welcome at Buckingham Palace at the start of the President's state visit to the UK in 2003.

On the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II in 2002, the Duke was commended by the Speaker of the House of Commons for his role in supporting the Queen during her reign.

One of the most controversial aspects of the Duke was his relationship with his daughters-in-law, Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York. He was alleged (though this has never been confirmed) to have been hostile to Diana after her divorce from the Prince of Wales. Mohamed Al-Fayed, the father of Diana's companion Dodi Al-Fayed and owner of Harrods, has vehemently alleged, and even suggested in court, that the Duke was responsible for ordering Diana's death, remarks that led the Duke and the other members of the Royal Family to rescind their Royal Warrants from Harrods. The Duke remains close to his grandchildren Princes William and Harry, Princesses Beatrice and Eugenie and Lady Louise Windsor.

In May 1954, the Prime Minister, Sir Winston Churchill, received a written suggestion from the Queen that her husband be granted the title "Prince of the Commonwealth", or some other suitable augmentation of his style. Churchill preferred the title "Prince Consort" and the Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden preferred "Prince of the Realm". While the Commonwealth prime ministers were assembled in London, against his better judgement but at the Queen's behest, Churchill informally solicited their opinions. Canada's Prime Minister, Louis St. Laurent, was the only one to express "misgivings". Meanwhile, the Duke insisted to the Queen that he objected to any enhancement of his title, and she instructed Churchill to drop the matter.^[14] In February 1955, South Africa belatedly made known that it, too, would object to the "Prince of the Commonwealth" title. When told, the Queen continued to express the wish that her husband's position be raised, but rejected the Cabinet's recommendations to confer upon him either the title "Prince Consort" or "Prince Royal". By March 1955 the Cabinet was recommending that Philip's new title be simply "His Royal Highness the Prince". But the Queen was advised that, if she still preferred "Prince of the Commonwealth", her personal secretary could write to the Commonwealth's Governors-General directly for their response, but warned her that, if their consent was not unanimous, the proposal could not go forward. The matter appears to have been left there until the publication on 8 February 1957 of an article by P. Wykeham-Bourne in the Evening Standard titled "Well, is it correct to say Prince Philip?" A few days later Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and his Cabinet reversed the advice of the previous ministers, formally recommending that the Queen reject "The Prince" in favour of "Prince of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Her other Realms and Territories", only to change this advice, after she consented, to delete even the vague reference to the Commonwealth countries. Letters Patent were issued, and according to the announcement in the London Gazette, the Queen's husband officially became His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. She inserted the capitalised definite article, a usage normally restricted to the children of monarchs.^[14]

An Order-in-Council was issued in 1960, which stated the surname of male-line descendants of the Duke and the Queen who are not Royal Highness or Prince or Princess was to be Mountbatten-Windsor. This was to address the Duke's complaint that he was the only father in the country unable to pass his name to his children. In practice, however, the Duke's children have all used Mountbatten-Windsor as the surname they prefer for themselves and their male-line children.

After her accession to the throne, the Queen also announced that the Duke was to have place, pre-eminence and precedence next to the Queen on all occasions and in all meetings, except where otherwise provided by Act of Parliament. This means the Duke is the first gentleman of the land, and takes precedence over his son, the Prince of Wales except, officially, in Parliament. In fact, however, he only attends Parliament when escorting the Queen for the annual Speech from the Throne, where he walks and is seated beside her.

The Queen has never granted the Duke the title of Prince Consort. This title was granted to Albert, Prince Consort by his wife, Queen Victoria, and has not been used since by a British consort. There was some media speculation in early 2007 that such a title might be conferred to mark the royal couple's 60th wedding anniversary in November 2007, however this has not occurred. Currently, he is the first husband of the Sovereign to bear a British peerage title since Prince George of Denmark, who was created Duke of Cumberland on his marriage to the future Queen Anne in 1683.

As of July 2007, the Duke is the oldest surviving great-great-grandchild of Queen Victoria and is c. 475th in the line of succession to the British Throne in his own right (through his great-grandmother Princess Alice). He is the oldest serving consort in British history, though former consorts, such as the Queen Mother, have lived longer lives. Should both he and the Queen survive until April 18, 2009, he will have been the longest-serving consort in British history (at 57 years and 71 days), surpassing Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Main article: Prince Philip Movement

It has been reported by the BBC that inhabitants of some small villages in Vanuatu, an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean, worship Prince Philip as a god. Islanders have been interviewed and pictured with portraits, sent with Prince Philip's permission.^[15]

It was revealed in October 2007, that for the past 15 years Prince Philip has been suffering from a heart condition. Bodyguards protecting His Royal Highness have been trained to rush him to seek medical attention for simple dizziness or shortage of breath; even if it is against the Prince's own personal wishes. The Prince is said to have to take regular medication for his condition, but refuses to cut back on his royal duties, which he has carried out alongside The Queen for the past 60 years as her consort and aide. The Prince carries out over 300 royal engagements a year, only behind Princess Anne who carries out significantly more engagements due to her age. Prince Philip is said to have the energy and fitness "of a man half his age". ^[16]

Main article: List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

• 10 June 1921–18 March 1947: His Royal Highness Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
• 18 March–19 November 1947: Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, RN
• 19 November 1947: Lieutenant Sir Philip Mountbatten, RN
• 19 November–20 November 1947: His Royal Highness Philip Mountbatten
• 20 November 1947–: His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
  • 20 November 1947–21 February 1957: His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
  • 22 February 1957–: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

• 10 June 1921–18 March 1947: His Royal Highness Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark
• 18 March–19 November 1947: Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, RN
• 19 November–19 November 1947: Lieutenant Sir Philip Mountbatten, KG, RN
• 19 November–20 November 1947: Lieutenant His Royal Highness Philip Mountbatten, KG, RN
• 20 November 1947–: His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh
• 20 November 1947–03 November 1951: His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG
• 04 November 1951–20 April 1952: His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, PC
• 21 April 1952–21 May 1953: His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, PC
• 22 May 1953–21 February 1957: His Royal Highness Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, PC
• 22 February 1957–09 June 1968: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, GBE, PC
• 10 June 1968–14 November 1981: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, PC
• 15 November 1981–12 June 1988: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, QSO, PC
• 13 June 1988–: His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, KT, OM, GBE, AC, QSO, PC

Shield of arms of Prince Philip as the Duke of Edinburgh

The Duke has his own personal coat of arms, created on 19 November 1947. Unlike the arms used by other members of the Royal Family, the Duke's arms do not feature the Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom, as men are not entitled to bear the arms of their wives. However they do feature elements representing Greece and Denmark, from which he is descended in the male line; the Mountbatten family arms, from which he is descended in the female line; and the City of Edinburgh, representing his dukedom.

The shield is quartered. The first quarter depicting the arms of Denmark consists of three blue lions passant and nine red hearts on a yellow field. The second quadrant depicts the arms of Greece, a white cross on a blue field. The third quarter depicts the arms of the Mountbatten family, two verticle black stripes on a white field. The fourth quarter depicts the arms of the City of Edinburgh, a black and red castle. The dexter supporter is a savage from the Danish Royal Coat of Arms; the sinister a golden lion (a traditional English symbol) wearing a ducal cornet and gorged (collared) with a naval crown, alluding to the Duke's naval career.

The coat features both the motto God is my help and the motto of the Order of the Garter, Honi soit qui mal y pense (Shamed be he who thinks ill of it) on a representation of the Garter behind the shield.

A banner of the Duke's arms is used as his personal standard. ^[17]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

Prince Philip is well-known for making remarks during public visits which are commonly regarded as ignorant, insensitive and/or racist.^[18]

• Speaking to a driving instructor in Scotland, he asked: "How do you keep the natives off the booze long enough to get them through the test?"^[19]
• When visiting China in 1986, he told a group of British students, "If you stay here much longer, you'll all be slitty-eyed".^[19]
• After accepting a gift from a Kenyan citizen he replied, "You are a woman, aren't you?"^[19]
• "If it has four legs and is not a chair, has wings and is not an aeroplane, or swims and is not a submarine, the Cantonese will eat it." (1986)^[19]
• In 1966 he remarked that "British women can't cook."^[19]
• To a British student in Papua New Guinea: "You managed not to get eaten then?"^[19]
• Angering local residents in Lockerbie when on a visit to the town in 1993, the Prince said to a man who lived in a road where eleven people had been killed by wreckage from the Pan Am jumbo jet: "People usually say that after a fire it is water damage that is the worst. We are still trying to dry out Windsor Castle."^[20]
• On a visit to the new National Assembly for Wales in Cardiff, he told a group of deaf children standing next to a Jamaican steel drum band, "Deaf? If you are near there, no wonder you are deaf."^[21][19]
• In 2002, he asked an Indigenous Australian businessman, "Do you still throw spears at each other?"^[22][19]
• Said to a Briton in Budapest, Hungary, "You can't have been here that long – you haven't got a pot belly." (1993)^[19]
• Seeing a shoddily installed fuse box in a high-tech Edinburgh factory, HRH remarked that it looked "like it was put in by an Indian".^[23][24]
• "Aren't most of you descended from pirates?" (in 1994, to an islander in the Cayman Islands)^[19]
• At the height of the recession in 1981 he said: "Everybody was saying we must have more leisure. Now they are complaining they are unemployed."^[19]
• Upon presenting a Duke of Edinburgh Award to a student, when informed that the young man was going to help out in Romania for six months, he asked if the student was going to help the Romanian orphans; upon being informed he was not, it was claimed the 85-year-old duke added: "Ah good, there's so many over there you feel they breed them just to put in orphanages."^[25]
• At the University of Salford, he told a 13-year-old aspiring astronaut: "You could do with losing a bit of weight."^[26]
• In 1997, the Duke of Edinburgh, participating in an already controversial British visit to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre (Amritsar Massacre) Monument, provoked outrage in India and in the UK with an offhand comment. Having observed a plaque claiming 2,000 casualties, Prince Philip observed, "That's not right. The number is less." ^[27]
• During a Royal visit to a Tamil Hindu temple in London, he asked a Hindu priest if he was related to the terrorist Tamil Tigers.^[19]
• In 1996, he drew sharp criticism when he said "a gun is no more dangerous than a cricket bat in the hands of a madman". The comment came in the wake of the massacre of 16 children and their teacher in Dunblane, Scotland.^[28][19]
• In 1987, he wrote in his book If I Were an Animal that "In the event that I am reincarnated, I would like to return as a deadly virus, in order to contribute something to solve overpopulation."^[29]

• Actor James Cromwell portrays Prince Philip in the 2006 Oscar-winning film, The Queen.

• A fictionalised Philip (in his capacity as a World War II naval officer) is a minor character in John Birmingham's Axis of Time series of alternate history novels.

• Prince Philip appears as a fictional character in Nevil Shute's 1952 novel, In the Wet.

• Prince George of Denmark

• Wildlife Crisis with James Fisher, (1970)
• The Environmental Revolution: Speeches on Conservation, 1962-1977 (1978)
• A Question of Balance (1982)
• Men, Machines and Sacred Cows (1984)
• A Windsor Correspondence (1984)
• A hot night shag with the Heiress (1984)
• Down to Earth: Speeches and writings of his Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, on the relationship of man with his environment (1988)
• Survival or Extinction: A Christian Attitude to the Environment (1989)
• Competition Carriage Driving (1994)
• Driving and Judging Dressage (1996)

Forewords to:

• The Concise British Flora in Colour by William Keble Martin, Ebury Press/ Michael Joseph (1965)
• The Art of Driving by Max Pape (1982)
• National Maritime Museum Guide to Maritime Britain by Keith Wheatley, (2000)
• 1953: The Crowning Year of Sport by Jonathan Rice, (2003)
• British Flags and Emblems by Graham Bartram, Tuckwell Press (2004)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

• Royal.gov.uk- HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
• Duke of Edinburgh Award
• Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at the Internet Movie Database
• Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and his famous gaffes, plotted on Google Maps

v • d • e University of Cambridge

Chancellor: HRH The Duke of Edinburgh • Vice-Chancellor: Prof. Alison Richard Colleges: Christ’s • Churchill • Clare • Clare Hall • Corpus Christi • Darwin • Downing • Emmanuel • Fitzwilliam • Girton • Gonville and Caius • Homerton • Hughes Hall • Jesus • King’s • Lucy Cavendish • Magdalene • New Hall • Newnham • Pembroke • Peterhouse • Queens’ • Robinson • St Catharine’s • St Edmund’s • St John’s • Selwyn • Sidney Sussex • Trinity • Trinity Hall • Wolfson Categories: University • Chancellors • Vice-Chancellors • Colleges • Heads of Colleges • Departments • Academics • Alumni Websites: University • Students’ Union • Graduate Union