Sources
Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web.
Submit a site - Become an editor
Wikipedia. Licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Are you an expert in this subject? Join the discussion and share your knowledge at Wikipedia.org.
Pseudomonas syringae
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 |
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
|
|
||||||||||||||
| Pseudomonas syringae Van Hall, 1904 |
Pseudomonas syringae is a rod shaped, Gram-negative bacterium, with polar flagella. It is a plant pathogen which can infect a wide range of plant species, and exists as over 50 different pathovars. Many of these pathovars were once considered to be individual species within the Pseudomonas genus, but molecular biology techniques such as DNA hybridization have shown these to in fact all be part of the P. syringae species. It is named after the lilac tree (Syringa vulgaris), from which it was first isolated[1]. The type strain is ATCC 19310.
P. syringae tests negative for arginine dihydrolase and oxidase activity, and forms the polymer levan on sucrose nutrient agar. It is known to secrete the lipodepsinonapeptide plant toxin syringomycin,[2] and it owes its yellow fluorescent appearance when cultured in vitro on King's B medium to production of the siderophore pyoverdin.[3] It also demonstrates ice nucleating properties.[4]
Contents |
Disease by P. syringae tends to be favoured by wet, cool conditions - optimum temperatures for disease tend to be around 55 to 77 degrees farenheit, although this can vary according to the pathovar involved. The bacteria tend to be seed borne, and are dispersed between plants via rain splash.[5].
Although it is a plant pathogen, it can also live as a saprophyte in the phyllosphere when conditions are not favourable for disease.[6] Some saprophytic strains of P. syringae have been used as biocontrol agents against post-harvest rots[7].
The principle pathovars of P. syringae of economic importance are as follows:[8]
| Pathovar | Main host and disease caused |
|---|---|
| antirrhini | Blight of antirrhinum |
| aptata | Affects sugar beet |
| atrofaciens | Affects wheat and barley |
| avellanae | Affects hazelnut |
| cannabina | Leaf and stem spot of hemp |
| coronofaciens | Halo blight of oats |
| glycinea | Bacterial blight of soybean |
| helianthi | Angular leaf spots on sunflower |
| lachrymans | Curcubit angular leaf spot and fruit spot |
| maculicola | Brassica bacterial spot |
| mori | Mulberry leaf spot and shoot blight |
| morsprunorum | Affects cherry, plum and other stone fruit trees |
| persicae | Affects peaches and nectarines |
| phaseolicola | Affects runner beans |
| pisi | Affects peas |
| porri | Affects leeks |
| syringae | Affects a very wide range of host plants |
| tabaci | Wildfire disease of tobacco |
| tagetis | Affects African marigold |
| tomato | Bacterial speck of tomato |
| ulmi | Leaf spot and shoot blight of elm |
Note that Pseudomonas syringae ssp. savastanoi (previously called Pseudomonas savastanoi) is a sub-species of P. syringae rather than a pathovar. It itself has three host-specific pathovars, fraxini which causes ash canker, nerii which attacks oleander and oleae which causes olive knot.
The genomes of several strains of P. syringae have been sequenced, including P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, P. syringae pv. syringae B728a and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448A.[9]
- ^ Kreig N.R., Holt J.G. (eds). (1984) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Biology Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Co., pg. 141-199
- ^ Scholz-Schroeder B.K., Soule J.D., and Gross D. C. 2003. The sypA, sypS, and sypC synthetase genes encode twenty-two modules involved in the nonribosomal peptide synthesis of syringopeptin by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B301D. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 16:271-80 PMID 12744455
- ^ Cody and Gross (1987) Characterization of Pyoverdinpss, the Fluorescent Siderophore Produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Applied Environmental Microbiology 53(5): 928–934 PMID 16347352
- ^ Maki, Galyan, Chang-Chien and Caldwell (1974) Ice Nucleation Induced by Pseudomonas syringae. Applied Environmental Microbiology 28(3): 456-459 PMID 4371331
- ^ Hirano, S. S. and C. D. Upper (1990) Population biology and epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae Annual Reviews in Phytopathology 28:155-177
- ^ Hirano and Upper (2000) Bacteria in the Leaf Ecosystem with Emphasis on Pseudomonas syringae — a Pathogen, Ice Nucleus, and Epiphyte. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64 624-653. PMID 10974129
- ^ Janisiewicz, W. J. and Marchi, A. 1992. Control of storage rots on various pear cultivars with saprophytic strain of Pseudomonas syringae. Plant Disease, 76: 555-560
- ^ Smith, Dunez, Lelliot, Phillips and Archer (1988) European Handbok of Plant Disease. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
- ^ http://www.pseudomonas-syringae.org/
 |
This bacteria-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |