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The United States Radiation Exposure Compensation Act (RECA) is a federal statute providing for the monetary compensation of people who contracted cancer and a number of other specified diseases as a direct result of their exposure to atmospheric nuclear testing undertaken by the United States during the Cold War, or their exposure to high levels of radon while working in uranium mines. It was passed by Congress on October 5, 1990.

The 1990 act provided the following renumerations:

• $50,000 to individuals residing or working "downwind" of the Nevada Test Site
• $75,000 for workers participating in atmospheric nuclear weapons tests
• $100,000 for uranium miners, millers, and ore transporters

In all cases there are additional requirements which must be satisfied (proof of exposure, establishment of length of employment, establishment of certain medical conditions, etc.).

In some cases, however, it was extremely difficult for people to receive their compensation, especially in the case of the widows of uranium miners. Because many uranium miners were Native Americans, they did not have standard marriage licenses required to establish a legal connection to the deceased. In 1999, revisions were published in the Federal Register to assist claimants in making award claims.

In 2000, additional amendments were passed which added two new claimant categories (uranium mill and ore workers, both eligible to receive as much money as uranium miners), added additional geographic regions to the "downwinder" provisions, changed some of the recognized illnesses, and lowered the threshold radiation exposure for uranium miners.

In 2002, additional amendments were passed as part of another bill, primarily fixing a number of draftsmanship errors in the previous amendments (which had accidentally removed certain geographic areas from the original act) and clarified a number of points.

As of November 21, 2006, 16,595 claims under the act were approved (with 7,005 denied), expending a total of $1,111,880,155.[1]

• Radiation Exposure Compensation Program home page