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Ramesuan (b. 1339, d. 1395), son of king Ramathibodi I, reigned as the second and fifth king of the kingdom of Ayutthaya. When Ramathibodi ascended to the throne of Ayuthaya, he sent Ramesuan to reign in Lopburi. Upon Ramathibodi's death in 1369, Ramesuan traveled to Ayutthaya to assume the throne, but held it for less than a year before being deposed by his uncle, Borommaracha I, the ruler of Suphanburi. Sources differ over the nature of their conflict; official chronicles state that the older Boromaracha ruled with the willing consent of his nephew, while Jeremias van Vliet's Short History of Thailand indicated that Boromaracha's ascension came only after a bloody conflict bordering on civil war.

Whatever the case, by 1388 Ramesuan had gathered sufficient support from his power base in Lopburi to return to Ayutthaya and challenge Boromarachi's son Thong Chan for the throne. Ramesuan's forces quickly took the palace and executed the 17 year-old Thong Chan. Ramesuan then held the throne until 1395, when he was succeeded by his son Rama (also known as Ramaracha).

During Ramesuan's second reign, the king seems to have come to an understanding with the kingdom of Sukhothai, against whom Boromarachi had warred throughout his reign. Instead, some sources record conflicts with the kingdom of Lan Na (in northern Thailand), and the empire of Angkor. Ayutthaya chronicles indicate that Ramesuan took Chiang Mai, then the capital of the kingdom of Lan Na, in 1390 and settled many captives within the kingdom of Ayutthaya. A similar defeat of Angkor is recorded as having taken place in response to raids from the Cambodian kingdom. Neither of these battles are attested to by chronicles from Lan Na or Angkor.

• Wyatt, David K., Thailand: A Short History, New Haven (Yale University), 2003. ISBN 0-300-08475-7