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K S Ranjitsinhji England (Eng)
Batting style	Right-handed batsman (RHB)
Bowling type	n/a
	Tests	First-class
Matches	15	307
Runs scored	989	24,692
Batting average	44.95	56.37
100s/50s	2/6	72/109
Top score	175	285*
Balls bowled	97	8,056
Wickets	1	133
Bowling average	39.00	34.59
5 wickets in innings	0	4
10 wickets in match	0	0
Best bowling	1/23	6/53
Catches/stumpings	13/0	233/0
Test debut: 16 July 1896 Last Test: 26 July 1902 Source: [1]

Kumar Shri Ranjitsinhji Jadeja, GCSI, GBE (10 September 1872–2 April 1933) was an Indian prince and Test cricketer who played for the English cricket team. He also played first-class cricket for Cambridge University, and county cricket for Sussex. His name was very often shortened to Ranji and he was also known as the "Black Prince of Cricketers".

Ranji is widely regarded as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, Neville Cardus described him as "the Midsummer night's dream of cricket". Unorthodox in technique and with exceptionally fast reactions, he brought a new style to batting and revolutionised the game. Previously batsmen generally pushed forward; Ranji took advantage of the improving pitches of the time and relied on a back and across defensive stroke and played elegant strokes off the back foot in attack. He excelled in the late cut and his popularisation or invention of the leg glance is famous. The most important first-class cricket tournament in India, the Ranji Trophy, was named in his honour and inaugurated in 1935 by the Maharaja Bhupinder Singh of Patiala.

Outside cricket, Ranji became Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar in 1907; was Chancellor of the Indian Chamber of Princes; and represented India at the League of Nations. His official title was Colonel H. H. Shri Sir Ranjitsinhji Vibhaji, Jam Sahib of Nawanagar GBE KCSI.

Ranji was born in Sarodar, a small village in the western Indian province of Kathiawar (present day Gujarat state) , into a wealthy Indian family of princely status. His clan, the Jadejas, were Rajput warriors.

Ranji was educated at the prestigious Rajkumar College Rajkot and at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge University, where he arrived in 1891.

Prior to his arrival at Cambridge, Ranji had never played an organised game of cricket. Nevertheless, he won a cricket Blue in his final year. After graduating, Ranji moved to play county cricket for Sussex. He played his first county match at Lord's in May 1895. C. B. Fry became a close friend.

Ranjitsinhji at the crease.

Ranji made his Test debut for England in 1896 becoming the first Indian to play Test cricket . His nephew, KS Duleepsinhji, also played for England later. Ranji scored 62 and 154 not out against Australia at Old Trafford in his first Test, becoming the second batsman after W. G. Grace to score a century on his debut for England and also the first batsman to score 100 before lunch (on the third day, moving from 41 not out to 154 not out in just over 2 hours). He scored 175 in the first innings of his first overseas Test, also against Australia in 1897 (at that time it was the highest score that had ever been made for England in Test cricket). Ranji's feat of scoring hundreds in his debut home and away Tests was not emulated by any English player until Andrew Strauss in 2004.

Ranji scored runs very heavily in county and Test cricket between 1895 and 1904, passing 1,000 runs in 10 successive domestic seasons (over 3,000 runs in 1899 and 1900) and captaining Sussex from 1899 to 1903. In scoring 3159 first-class runs, average 63.18, from 58 innings for Sussex in 1899 he became the first man to score over 3,000 runs in an English first class season. His mastery on treacherous or crumbling pitches could reach amazing levels: in 1900 he scored 204 against Middlesex on a very difficult pitch on which only Fry of Sussex' other batsmen scored over 25. In 1903 against Sydney Barnes and Walter Brearley on a fiery wicket at Old Trafford the two batsmen shared in a briliant stand of 196. 'Ranji' stands alone in scoring a first-class hundred in each innings on the same day.

He returned to India at the end of 1904, but came back to play two further complete English seasons for Sussex (1908 and 1912), again scoring 1,000 runs each time. Ranji returned to England a final time to play in three matches for Sussex in 1920: aged 48, overweight, and blind in one eye after a shooting accident at Crosseliff in Yorkshire, he inevitably failed to achieve his former heights.

Ranji played 15 Test matches for England between 1896 and 1902, scoring 989 runs with a batting average of 44.95. In all first-class cricket, he scored 24,692 runs in 307 matches, with an average of 56.37, including 72 centuries, with a highest score of 285 not out. Ranji was a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1897, Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee year; in the same year, he published the classic The Jubilee Book of Cricket.

Ranji became Maharaja Jam Sahib of Nawanagar on 10 March 1907, and played an important role in improving the living conditions for the people of his home state. He became Chancellor of the Indian Chamber of Princes and represented India at the League of Nations after the First World War, being awarded the GBE and KCSI. Ranji died in Jamnagar Palace, India aged 60.

• The Cricket portal, for more information about the game of cricket.
• Ranji Trophy

• Cricinfo article on K S Ranjitsinhji

• Migrant Races: Empire, Identity and K.S. Ranjitsinhji (Studies in Imperialism) by Satadru Sen (Manchester University Press, 2005)