Retinoic acid receptor

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retinoic acid receptor, alpha
Identifiers
Symbol RARA
HUGO 9864
Entrez 5914
OMIM 180240
RefSeq NM_000964
UniProt P10276
Other data
Locus Chr. 17 q12
retinoic acid receptor, beta
Identifiers
Symbol RARB
HUGO 9865
Entrez 5915
OMIM 180220
RefSeq NM_000965
UniProt P10826
Other data
Locus Chr. 3 p24
retinoic acid receptor, gamma
Identifiers
Symbol RARG
HUGO 9866
Entrez 5916
OMIM 180190
RefSeq NM_000966
UniProt P13631
Other data
Locus Chr. 12 q13

There are three retinoic acid receptors (RAR), RAR-alpha, RAR-beta, and RAR-gamma. Each receptor isoform has several splice variants: two- for alpha, four- for beta and two- for gamma. The RAR's are nuclear receptors with activity similar to the steroid receptors such as estrogen or progesterone and other nuclear receptors: PPAR, LXR and FXR. All-trans retinoic acid is the natural ligand for RAR. Like the steroid receptors, when activated, RARs dimerize usually forming heterodimers, translocate to the cell nucleus, and bind to RAR response elements on DNA, which elicits expression or transrepression of gene products. 9-cis retinoic acid is the natural ligand of another nuclear hormone receptor termed the retinoid x receptor.

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Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

CAP - CBF - E2F - KlF - Nanog - NF-kB - Oct-4 - P300/CBP - PIT-1 - Rho/Sigma - R-SMAD - Sox2 - Sp1 - STAT (STAT1, STAT3, STAT5)

Basic-helix-loop-helix: AhR - HIF - MYC - Twist - Myogenic regulatory factors (MyoD, Myogenin, MYF5, MYF6)

Basic leucine zipper: C/EBP - CREB - AP-1

Basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper: MITF - SREBP

Nuclear receptors: subfamily 1 (Thyroid hormone, RAR, PPAR, LXR, FXR, Calcitriol, PXR, CAR) - subfamily 2 (HNF4, RXR) - subfamily 3/Steroid hormone (Estrogen, Estrogen related, Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid, Progesterone, Androgen) - subfamily 0 (NR0B1)

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