Rio Declaration on Environment and Development

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The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, often shortened to Rio Declaration, was a short document produced at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit. The Rio Declaration consisted 27 principles intended to guide future sustainable development around the world.

The 12 core principles of the Rio Declaration are as follows:

  • 1. State Sovereignty
  • 2. Right to development
  • 3. Sustainable development
  • 4. Right to life and a healthy environment
  • 5. Duty not to cause environmental harm
  • 6. Intergenerational equity
  • 7. Precautionary principle
  • 8. Common but differentiated responsibilities (meaning developed countries and undeveloped countries share common, but unequal burdens)
  • 9. Duty to assess environmental impacts
  • 10. Right of public participation/ Environmental democracy (Obligates governments to establish a process for citizens and NGOs to obtain environmental information)
  • 11. Common heritage in mankind
  • 12. Common concern of mankind.

 Sustainable development Portal


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