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This is a list of Australian rodents. Australia has a large number of indigenous rodents, all from the Family Muridae. The Black Rat, Brown Rat and House Mouse were accidentally introduced to Australia with European settlement. Note: where author and date of original description appears in brackets, this indicates that the describer placed the species in a genus different from the one here assigned (Strahan, 1995).

• Conilurus
  • White-footed Rabbit Rat (Conilurus albipes}, (Lichenstein, 1829) (extinct)
  • Brush-tailed Rabbit Rat (Conilurus penicillatus), (Gould, 1842)
• Hydromys
  • Water Rat (Hydromys chrysogaster), Geoffroy, 1804
• Leggadina
  • Forrest's Mouse (Leggadina forresti), (Thomas, 1906)
  • Lakeland Downs Mouse (Leggadina lakedownensis), Watts, 1976
• Leporillus
  • Lesser Stick-nest Rat (Leporillus apicalis) (Gould, 1853) (extinct)
  • Greater Stick-nest Rat (Leporillus conditor) (Stuart, 1848)
• Mastacomys
  • Broad-toothed Rat (Mastacomys fuscus), Thomas, 1882
• Melomys
  • Grassland Melomys (Melomys burtoni), (Ramsay, 1887)
  • Cape York Melomys (Melomys capensis), Tate, 1951
  • Fawn-footed Melomys (Melomys cervinipes), (Gould, 1852)
  • Bramble Cay Melomys (Melomys rubicola), Thomas, 1924
• Mesembriomys
  • Black-footed Tree-rat (Mesembriomys gouldi), (Gray, 1843)
  • Golden-backed Tree-rat (Mesembriomys macrurus), (Peters, 1876)
• Notomys
  • Spinifex Hopping Mouse (Notomys alexis), Thomas, 1922
  • Short-tailed Hopping Mouse (Notomys amplus), Brazenor, 1936 (extinct)
  • Northern Hopping Mouse (Notomys aquilo), Thomas, 1921
  • Fawn Hopping Mouse (Notomys cervinus), (Gould, 1853)
  • Dusky Hopping Mouse (Notomys fuscus), (Wood Jones, 1925)
  • Long-tailed Hopping Mouse (Notomys longicaudatus), (Gould, 1844) (extinct)
  • Big-eared Hopping Mouse (Notomys macrotis), Thomas, 1921 (extinct)
  • Mitchell's Hopping Mouse (Notomys mitchelli), (Ogilby, 1838)
  • Darling Downs Hopping Mouse (Notomys mordax), Thomas, 1922 (extinct)
  • Great Hopping Mouse (Notomys sp.) (extinct)
• Pogonomys
  • Prehensile-tailed Rat (Pogonomys mollipilosus), Peters & Doria, 1881
• Pseudomys
  • Ash-grey Mouse (Pseudomys albocinereus), (Gould, 1845)
  • Silky Mouse (Pseudomys apodemoides), Finlayson, 1932
  • Plains Rat (Pseudomys australis), Gray, 1832
  • Bolam's Mouse (Pseudomys bolami), Troughton, 1932
  • Kakadu Pebble-mound Mouse (Pseudomys calabyi), Kitchener & Humphries, 1987
  • Western Pebble-mound Mouse (Pseudomys chapmani), Kitchener, 1980
  • Delicate Mouse (Pseudomys delicatulus), (Gould, 1842)
  • Desert Mouse (Pseudomys desertor), Troughton, 1932
  • Shark Bay Mouse (Pseudomys fieldi), (Waite, 1896)
  • Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus), Brazenor, 1934
  • Blue-grey Mouse (Pseudomys glaucus), Thomas, 1910 (extinct)
  • Gould's Mouse (Pseudomys gouldi), (Waterhouse, 1839) (extinct)
  • Eastern Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys gracilicaudatus), (Gould, 1845)
  • Sandy Inland Mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis), (Waite, 1896)
  • Long-tailed Mouse (Pseudomys higginsi), (Trouessart, 1897)
  • Central Pebble-mound Mouse (Pseudomys johnsoni), Kitchener, 1985
  • Kimberley Mouse (Pseudomys laborifex), Kitchener & Humprhies, 1986
  • Western Chestnut Mouse (Pseudomys nanus), (Gould, 1858)
  • New Holland Mouse (Pseudomys novaehollandiae), (Waterhouse, 1843)
  • Western Mouse (Pseudomys occidentalis), Tate, 1951
  • Hastings River Mouse (Pseudomys oralis), Thomas, 1921
  • Pilliga Mouse (Pseudomys pilligaensis), Fox & Briscoe, 1980
  • Eastern Pebble-mound Mouse ('Pseudomys patrius), (Thomas & Dolmman, 1909)
  • Heath Mouse (Pseudomys shortridgei), (Thomas, 1907)
• Uromys
  • Giant White-tailed Rat (Uromys caudimaculatus), (Krefft, 1867)
  • Masked White-tailed Rat (Uromys hadrourus), (Winter, 1984)
• Xeromys
  • False Water-rat, Thomas, 1889
• Zyzomys
  • Common Rock-rat (Zyzomys argurus), (Thomas, 1889)
  • Arnhem Land Rock-rat (Zyzomys maini), Kitchener, 1989
  • Carpentarian Rock-rat (Zyzomys palatalis), Kitchener, 1989
  • Central Rock-rat (Zyzomys pedunculatus), Waite, 1896
  • Kimberley Rock-rat (Zyzomys woodwardi), (Thomas, 1909)

• Mus
  • House Mouse (Mus musculus), Linnaeus, 1758 (introduced)
• Rattus
  • Dusky Rat (Rattus colletti), (Thomas, 1904)
  • Pacific Rat (Rattus exulans), (Peale, 1848) (introduced)
  • Bush Rat (Rattus fuscipes), (Waterouse, 1839)
  • Cape York Rat (Rattus leucopus), (Gray, 1867)
  • Swamp Rat (Rattus lutreolus), (Gray, 1841)
  • Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), (Berkenhout, 1796) (introduced)
  • Black Rat (Rattus rattus), (Linnaeus, 1758) (introduced)
  • Canefield Rat (Rattus sordidus), (Gould, 1858)
  • Pale Field Rat (Rattus tunneyi), {Thomas, 1904)
  • Long-haired Rat (Rattus villosissimus), (Waite, 1898)

• Strahan, R. ed. 1983. The Australian Museum Complete Book of Australian Mammals. Angus & Robertson ISBN 0-207-14454-0
• Strahan, R. (ed). 1995. The Mammals of Australia, Revised Edition. Reed New Holland, Sydney. ISBN 1-876334-88-6
• Menkhorst, P. (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, 19-20