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This article is about rosewood timber. For other uses, see Rosewood (disambiguation).

John Parris rosewood snooker cue

A Chinese Ming Dynasty compound wardrobe made of rosewood, latter half of the 16th century.

Rosewood refers to a number of richly hued timbers, often brownish with darker veining but found in many different colors. All rosewoods are strong and heavy, taking an excellent polish, being suitable for flooring, furniture, turnery, musical instruments, billiard cues, and chess sets (the black pieces). In general, supplies are poor through overexploitation. Some species become canopy trees (to 30 m high), and big pieces can occasionally be found in the trade.

Most "rosewoods" belong to the family Fabaceae. The pre-eminent rosewood appreciated in the western world is, or was, Dalbergia nigra, Brazilian Rosewood (now a CITES-listed endangered species). It is also known as Rio rosewood or Bahia rosewood. This wood has a strong sweet smell, which persists over the years, explaining the name "rosewood".

Another classic rosewood is Dalbergia latifolia known as (East) Indian rosewood or sonokeling. About a dozen species of the large genus Dalbergia are commonly called rosewoods. They can be found in tropical America, Southeast Asia, and Madagascar. The woods of some other species in the genus Dalbergia are notable, even famous, woods in their own right: African Blackwood, cocobolo, kingwood, and tulipwood. The Indian souvenir trade tries to sell objects made of Dalbergia sissoo (sometimes stained purple) as if they were rosewood. The wood of some other species is usable for toolhandles at best.

The timber trade will sell many timbers under the name 'rosewood' (with an adjective) due to outward similarity. A fair number of these timbers come from other legume genera, mainly Dalbergieae; one such species that is often mentioned is Machaerium scleroxylon.

Peruvian Rosewood is from Ocotea cernua which is in the Lauraceae and thus a rather unrelated tree to other "rosewoods" of the timber trade.