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A royalty trust is a type of corporation usually involved in mining. It is taxed according to special regulations, whereby its profits are not taxed at the corporate level provided a certain high percentage (e.g. 90%) of profits are distributed to share holders as dividends. The dividends are then taxed as personal income. This system, similar to real estate investment trusts, effectively avoids the double-taxation of corporate dividends.

Royalty trusts typically own oil or natural gas wells, or the mineral rights of wells. Corporate shares generally trade on the public stock markets. They are a powerful investment tool for people who wish to invest directly in oil or natural gas, but who don't have the resources or risk-tolerance to buy their own well. Additionally, since trusts often own numerous wells, they represent a convenient way for the average investor to diversify investments across a number of properties.

Royalty trusts often attract investors with their relatively high yields. This makes the shares sensitive to interest rates, as share prices are likely to decline in periods of rising interest rates, and to rise when interest rates fall.

Royalty trusts are found in Canada and the United States. Canadian royalty trusts, called CanRoys, typically trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange, while some of the larger trusts also trade on the New York Stock Exchange. CanRoys usually offer higher yields than U.S. trusts; for non-Canadian investors, this higher yield is somewhat reduced by a foreign tax withholding that is absent in the U.S. trusts.

Royalty trusts were created by T. Boone Pickens in 1979 in response to the difficulty that Mesa Petroleum had in replenishing its oil reserves. Through royalty trusts, he was able to substantially decrease his amount of effective reserves and avoid the difficulty of replenishing them.

• Investment trust
• Income trust

• BP Prudhoe Bay Royalty Trust
• Cross Timbers Royalty Trust
• Dominion Resources Black Warrior Trust
• Harvest Energy Trust
• Hugoton Royalty Trust
• LL&E Royalty Trust
• Marine Petroleum Trust
• Mesabi Trust
• Mesa Royalty Trust
• North European Oil Royalty Trust
• Permian Basin Royalty Trust
• Pengrowth Energy Trust
• Provident Energy Trust
• Sabine Royalty Trust
• Santa Fe Energy Trust
• San Juan Basin Royalty Trust
• TEL Offshore Trust
• Tidelands Royalty Trust B
• Torch Energy Trust
• Williams Coal Seam Gas Royalty Trust

• The Truth on Trusts
• Canadian Association of Income Funds
• Taxation of Income Trusts: Was it Worth the Cost and the Turmoil? by Yves Fortin