Ruthenian Voivodeship

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Palatinatus Russiae
Ruthenian Voivodeship
Voivodeship of Poland¹
←
1366 – 1772 →

Coat of arms of Ruthenia

Coat of arms
Location of Ruthenia
The Ruthenian Voivodeship in
the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1635.
Capital Lwów
History
 - Established 1366
 - Disestablished 1772
Area
 - 1770 55,200 km² (21,313 sq mi)
Population
 - 1770 est. 1,495,000 
     Density 27.1 /km²  (70.1 /sq mi)
Political Subdivisions Urban counties: 13
Land counties: 5
Gmina: 200
¹ Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland. The kingdom was part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569.

Ruthenia Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus russiae, Polish: województwo ruskie; 1366-1772) was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland (see Kingdom of Poland [1320–1385], Kingdom of Poland [1385–1569], and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1791). Together with Bełz Voivodeship, it formed Lesser Poland Province with its capitol city in Kraków. Part of Lesser Poland region. This region was later largely part of the Austrian province of Galicia and today is divided among Poland, Ukraine and Belarus.

Contents

Settled in prehistoric times, the central-eastern European land that is now (sountern-eastern part in Poland, western in Ukraine) was overrun in pre-Roman times by various tribes, including the Celts, Goths and Vandals (Przeworsk culture). After the fall of the Roman Empire, of which most of eastern Poland was part (all parts below the San and Dniester), the area was invaded by Hungarians, Slavs and Avars.

Árpád and the six other chieftains of the Magyars. From the Chronicon Pictum
Árpád and the six other chieftains of the Magyars. From the Chronicon Pictum

The region subsequently became part of the Great Moravian state. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared their allegiance to Hungarian Empire. The region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary starting in at least the 9th century.

Approximate borders of Great Moravia at its greatest extent on an older map (in 890 - 894)
Approximate borders of Great Moravia at its greatest extent on an older map (in 890 - 894)

Originally it was related to a certain territory between Western Bug and Wieprz rivers. Its Polish name was Ziemia czerwieńska, or "Czerwień Land" by the name of Cherven, a town that existed there. (Today there are several towns with this name, none of them related to Red Ruthenia).

This area was mentioned for the first time in 981, when Volodymyr the Great of Kievan Rus took the area over on the way inside Poland. In 1018 it returned to Poland, 1031 back to Rus. For approximately 150 years it existed as the independent Ruthenian principality or kingdom of Halych-Volhynia, before being conquered by Casimir III of Poland in 1349. Since these times the name Ruś Czerwona is recorded, translated as "Red Ruthenia" ("Czerwień" means red color in Slavic languages or from Polish village Czermno ), applied to a territory extended up to Dniester River, with priority gradually transferred to Przemyśl. Since the times of Władyslaw Jagiełło, the Przemyśl voivodeship was called Ruthenian Voivodship ("województwo ruskie"), with the priority eventually transferred to Lwów. It consisted of five lands: Lwów, Sanok, Halicz, Przemyśl, and Chełm. The territory was then controlled by the Austrian Empire from 1772 to 1918, when it was known as the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Seat of the Voivodeship Governor (Wojewoda):

Regional Sejmik (sejmik generalny) for all Ruthene lands

Seats of Regional Sejmik (sejmik poselski i deputacki):

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthenian_Voivodeship"
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