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The Samjhauta Express (lit. "Compromise/Understanding Express", also "Accord") (Hindi: समझौता एक्सप्रेस, Urdu: سمجھوتا اکسپريس), commonly called the Friendship Express, is a twice-weekly train — Tuesdays and Fridays — that runs between Delhi and Attari in India and Wagah and Lahore in Pakistan. The word 'Samjhauta' or "Compromise" means 'Accord' and 'Compromise' in both Hindi and Urdu the national languages of India and Pakistan, respectively.

Until the reopening of the Thar Express, this was the only rail connection between the two countries. The train was started on July 22, 1976 following the Shimla Agreement and ran between Amritsar and Lahore, a distance of about 42 kms. Following disturbances in Punjab in the late eighties, due to security reasons Indian Railways decided to terminate the service at Attari, where customs and immigration clearances take place. On April 14, 2000, in an agreement between Indian Railways and Pakistan Railways (PR), the distance was revised to cover just under three kms.

It was a daily train when the service started, and changed to a bi-weekly schedule in 1994. Earlier the rakes were returned to the home country the same day but later in 2000 the rake remained overnight at that location.

Its termini are Lahore in Pakistan and Delhi in India. The border crossing takes place between Wagah in Pakistan and Attari in India. Originally, this was a through service with the same rake going all the way between the termini; later the Pakistani rake stopped at Attari at which point passengers had to change trains. The train service was set up with an agreement between Indian Railways (IR) and Pakistan Railways (PR) to alternately use an Indian and a Pakistani rake and locomotive for the train, six months at a time.

The train usually has between four and eight coaches. The rake supplied by Pakistan is usually hauled by an Alco DL-543 class ALU20 diesel loco (Lahore shed), with the entire train in the standard dark green livery of PR.

The train's first break of service was when it was discontinued on January 1, 2002 in the wake of the terrorist attack on the Indian Parliament on December 13, 2001. Service resumed on January 15, 2004.

Main article: 2007 Samjhauta Express bombings

In the early hours of February 19, 2007 sixty-eight people (amongst them Pakistani civilians and Indian military guarding the train) were killed and scores more injured in a suspected terrorist attack on this "Peace Train". ^{[1] [2]} The attack occurred at Diwana station near the Indian city of Panipat. Officials found evidence of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) and flammable material, including three un-detonated IEDs.

1. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/news/181_1931712,0008.htm
2. ^ http://www.zeenews.com/znnew/articles.asp?aid=355083&sid=NAT