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Sancho II of Portugal
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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| Afonso Henriques (Afonso I) |
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| Sancho I |
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| Afonso II |
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| Sancho II |
| Afonso III |
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| Denis |
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| Afonso IV |
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| Peter I |
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| Ferdinand I |
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| Beatrice (disputed queen) |
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Sancho II, King of Portugal (pron. IPA /'sɐ̃ʃu/), Sanctius II in English, nicknamed the Pious (Port. o Piedoso) and the Caped or Capuched (Por. o Capelo), fourth King of Portugal, born on September 8, 1207 in Coimbra, was the eldest son of Afonso II of Portugal by his wife, Urraca, princess of Castile. Sancho became king in 1223 and was succeeded by his brother, King Afonso III in 1247.
By the time of his accession to the throne, in 1223, Portugal was embroiled in a difficult diplomatic conflict with the Catholic church. His father, Afonso II, had been excommunicated by Pope Honorius III, for his attempts at reducing the Church's power within the country. A treaty of 10 articles was signed between the Pope and Sancho II, but the king paid little attention to its fulfillment. His priority was the Reconquista, the reconquest of the southern Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. From 1236 onwards, Sancho II conquered several cities in the Algarve and Alentejo, securing the Portuguese position in the region.
Sancho II proved a capable commander but, with regard to equally important administrative issues, he was less competent. With his total attention focused on military campaigns, the ground was open for internal disputes. The nobility was displeased by the king's conduct and started to conspire against him. Moreover, the middle class of merchants quarrelled frequently with the clergy, without any intervention from the king. As a result, the Archbishop of Porto made a formal complaint to the Pope about this state of affairs. Since the Church was the super power of the 13th century, the Pope felt free to issue a Bull ordering the Portuguese to choose a new king to replace the so-called heretic.
In 1246 recalcitrant nobles invited Sancho's brother Afonso, then living in France as Count of Boulogne, to take the throne. Afonso immediately abdicated from his French possessions and marched into Portugal. Sancho II was removed from the throne in 1247 and fled in exile to Toledo where he died on January 4, 1248.
| Sancho II of Portugal | Father: Afonso II of Portugal |
Father's father: Sancho I of Portugal |
Father's father's father: Afonso I of Portugal |
| Father's father's mother: Maud of Savoy |
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| Father's mother: Dulce Berenguer of Aragon |
Father's mother's father: Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona |
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| Father's mother's mother: Petronila of Aragon |
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| Mother: Urraca of Castile |
Mother's father: Alfonso VIII of Castile |
Mother's father's father: Sancho III of Castile |
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| Mother's father's mother: Blanca of Navarre |
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| Mother's mother: Leonora of England |
Mother's mother's father: Henry II of England |
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| Mother's mother's mother: Eleanor of Aquitaine |
Sancho married, about 1245, a Castilian lady, Mécia Lopes de Haro, widow of Alvaro Peres de Castro, and daughter of Lope Díaz II de Haro and Urraca Alfonso de León, an illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of Leon but they had no legitimate sons.
| House of Burgundy Cadet Branch of the Capetian dynasty Born: 8 September 1207 Died: 4 November 1248 |
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| Preceded by Afonso II |
Kings of Portugal 1223–1248 |
Succeeded by Afonso III |