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Sanskrit numerals
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sanskrit alphabetic numerals were created around 510 CE by Āryabhaṭa. The system is also known as Āryabhaṭa numeration.
| Numeral systems by culture | |
|---|---|
| Hindu-Arabic numerals | |
| Western Arabic Eastern Arabic Khmer |
Indian family Brahmi Thai |
| East Asian numerals | |
| Chinese Japanese |
Korean |
| Alphabetic numerals | |
| Abjad Armenian Cyrillic Ge'ez |
Hebrew Ionian/Greek Sanskrit |
| Other systems | |
| Attic Etruscan Urnfield Roman |
Babylonian Egyptian Mayan |
| List of numeral system topics | |
| Positional systems by base | |
| Decimal (10) | |
| 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 | |
| 3, 9, 12, 24, 30, 36, 60, more… | |
Contents |
The Sanskrit number system dates back to ancient times, particularly to the mathematician Aryabhata around 510 CE.
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| The traditional Indian digit order is reversed compared to the modern way. By consequence, Āryabhaṭa began with the ones before the tens; then the hundreds and the thousands; then the myriad and the lakh ( = 105 ), a.s.o. Like it shows this more detailed table just below: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sanskrit numerals edition of Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Here the complete table:
| The 33 × 9 = 297 Sanskrit alphabetic numerical syllables | |||||||||||||
| Nine vowels or syllabics | -a | -i | -u | -ṛ | -ḷ | -e | -ai | -o | -au | ||||
| अ | इ | उ | ऋ | ऌ | ए | ऐ | ओ | औ | |||||
| × | 10 0 | 10 2 | 10 4 | 10 6 | 10 8 | 1010 | 1012 | 1014 | 1016 | ||||
| Five velar plosives | |||||||||||||
| k - | क | 1 | क ka |
कि ki |
कु ku |
कृ kṛ |
कॄ kḷ |
के ke |
कै kai |
को ko |
कौ kau |
||
| kh - | ख | 2 | ख kha |
खि khi |
खु khu |
खृ khṛ |
खॄ khḷ |
खे khe |
खै khai |
खो kho |
खौ khau |
||
| g - | ग | 3 | ग ga |
गि gi |
गु gu |
गृ gṛ |
गॄ gḷ |
गे ge |
गै gai |
गो go |
गौ gau |
||
| gh - | घ | 4 | घ gha |
घि ghi |
घु ghu |
घृ ghṛ |
घॄ ghḷ |
घे ghe |
घै ghai |
घो gho |
घौ ghau |
||
| ŋ - | ङ | 5 | ङ ŋa |
ङि ŋi |
ङु ŋu |
ङृ ŋṛ |
ङॄ ŋḷ |
ङे ŋe |
ङै ŋai |
ङो ŋo |
ङौ ŋau |
||
| Five palatal plosives | |||||||||||||
| c - | च | 6 | च ca |
चि ci |
चु cu |
चृ cṛ |
चॄ cḷ |
चे ce |
चै cai |
चो co |
चौ cau |
||
| ch - | छ | 7 | छ cha |
छि chi |
छु chu |
छृ chṛ |
छॄ chḷ |
छे che |
छै chai |
छो cho |
छौ chau |
||
| j - | ज | 8 | ज ja |
जि ji |
जु ju |
जृ jṛ |
जॄ jḷ |
जे je |
जै jai |
जो jo |
जौ jau |
||
| jh - | झ | 9 | झ jha |
झि jhi |
झु jhu |
झृ jhṛ |
झॄ jhḷ |
झे jhe |
झै jhai |
झो jho |
झौ jhau |
||
| ñ - | ञ | 10 | ञ ña |
ञि ñi |
ञु ñu |
ञृ ñṛ |
ञॄ ñḷ |
ञे ñe |
ञै ñai |
ञो ño |
ञौ ñau |
||
| Five retroflex plosives | |||||||||||||
| ṭ - | ट | 11 | ट ṭa |
टि ṭi |
टु ṭu |
टृ ṭṛ |
टॄ ṭḷ |
टे ṭe |
टै ṭai |
टो ṭo |
टौ ṭau |
||
| ṭh - | ठ | 12 | ठ ṭha |
ठि ṭhi |
ठु ṭhu |
ठृ ṭhṛ |
ठॄ ṭhḷ |
ठे ṭhe |
ठै ṭhai |
ठो ṭho |
ठौ ṭhau |
||
| ḍ - | ड | 13 | ड ḍa |
डि ḍi |
डु ḍu |
डृ ḍṛ |
डॄ ḍḷ |
डे ḍe |
डै ḍai |
डो ḍo |
डौ ḍau |
||
| ḍh - | ढ | 14 | ढ ḍha |
ढि ḍhi |
ढु ḍhu |
ढृ ḍhṛ |
ढॄ ḍhḷ |
ढे ḍhe |
ढै ḍhai |
ढो ḍho |
ढौ ḍhau |
||
| ṇ - | ण | 15 | ण ṇa |
णि ṇi |
णु ṇu |
णृ ṇṛ |
णॄ ṇḷ |
णे ṇe |
णै ṇai |
णो ṇo |
णौ ṇau |
||
| Five dental plosives | |||||||||||||
| t - | त | 16 | त ta |
ति ti |
तु tu |
तृ tṛ |
तॄ tḷ |
ते te |
तै tai |
तो to |
तौ tau |
||
| th - | थ | 17 | थ tha |
थि thi |
थु thu |
थृ thṛ |
थॄ thḷ |
थे the |
थै thai |
थो tho |
थौ thau |
||
| d - | द | 18 | द da |
दि di |
दु du |
दृ dṛ |
दॄ dḷ |
दे de |
दै dai |
दो do |
दौ dau |
||
| dh - | ध | 19 | ध dha |
धि dhi |
धु dhu |
धृ dhṛ |
धॄ dhḷ |
धे dhe |
धै dhai |
धो dho |
धौ dhau |
||
| n - | न | 20 | न na |
नि ni |
नु nu |
नृ nṛ |
नॄ nḷ |
ने ne |
नै nai |
नो no |
नौ nau |
||
| Five labial plosives | |||||||||||||
| p - | प | 21 | प pa |
पि pi |
पु pu |
पृ pṛ |
पॄ pḷ |
पे pe |
पै pai |
पो po |
पौ pau |
||
| ph - | फ | 22 | फ pha |
फि phi |
फु phu |
फृ phṛ |
फॄ phḷ |
फे phe |
फै phai |
फो pho |
फौ phau |
||
| b - | ब | 23 | ब ba |
बि bi |
बु bu |
बृ bṛ |
बॄ bḷ |
बे be |
बै bai |
बो bo |
बौ bau |
||
| bh - | भ | 24 | भ bha |
भि bhi |
भु bhu |
भृ bhṛ |
भॄ bhḷ |
भे bhe |
भै bhai |
भो bho |
भौ bhau |
||
| m - | म | 25 | म ma |
मि mi |
मु mu |
मृ mṛ |
मॄ mḷ |
मे me |
मै mai |
मो mo |
मौ mau |
||
| Four approximants or trill | |||||||||||||
| y - | य | 30 | य ya |
यि yi |
यु yu |
यृ yṛ |
यॄ yḷ |
ये ye |
यै yai |
यो yo |
यौ yau |
||
| r - | र | 40 | र ra |
रि ri |
रु ru |
रृ rṛ |
रॄ rḷ |
रे re |
रै rai |
रो ro |
रौ rau |
||
| l - | ल | 50 | ल la |
लि li |
लु lu |
लृ lṛ |
लॄ lḷ |
ले le |
लै lai |
लो lo |
लौ lau |
||
| v - | व | 60 | व va |
वि vi |
वु vu |
वृ vṛ |
वॄ vḷ |
वे ve |
वै vai |
वो vo |
वौ vau |
||
| Three coronal fricatives | |||||||||||||
| ś - | श | 70 | श śa |
शि śi |
शु śu |
शृ śṛ |
शॄ śḷ |
शे śe |
शै śai |
शो śo |
शौ śau |
||
| ṣ - | ष | 80 | ष ṣa |
षि ṣi |
षु ṣu |
षृ ṣṛ |
षॄ ṣḷ |
षे ṣe |
षै ṣai |
षो ṣo |
षौ ṣau |
||
| s - | स | 90 | स sa |
सि si |
सु su |
सृ sṛ |
सॄ sḷ |
से se |
सै sai |
सो so |
सौ sau |
||
| One glottal fricative | |||||||||||||
| h - | ह | 100 | ह ha |
हि hi |
हु hu |
हृ hṛ |
हॄ hḷ |
हे he |
है hai |
हो ho |
हौ hau |
||
| Note: Transliteration according to IAST. Exception: The velar nasal ङ, officially Ṅṅ, here Ŋŋ, because ŋa seems to be clearer than ṅa. |