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The Saulteaux (also Salteaux; pronounced /ˈsoto/) are a First Nation in Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia, Canada.

They are a branch of the Ojibwa nation. They are sometimes also called Plains Ojibwe and Anihšināpē (Anishinaabe). Their native language Nakawēmowin (ᓇᐦᑲᐌᒧᐎᓐ) is Algonquian, although like most First Nations, English is the first language of most members. Saulteaux is a French language term meaning "people of the rapids," referring to their former location about Sault Ste. Marie. Because of their location, they farmed little and were mainly hunters and fishers.

The Saulteaux were originally settled around Lake Superior and Lake Winnipeg, principally in the Sault Ste. Marie and northern Michigan areas. White Canadians and Americans gradually pushed the tribe westwards to Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, with one community in British Columbia. Today most of them live in the Interlake, southern part of Manitoba, and in Saskatchewan; because they lived on land ill-suited for European crops, they were able to keep much of their land.

The Saulteaux call themselves Nakawē (ᓇᐦᑲᐌ) - a general term for the Saulteaux. To the neighbouring Plains Cree, they are known as the Nahkawiyiniw (ᓇᐦᑲᐏᔨᓂᐤ), a word of related etymology.

Population figures are as of July 2006, unless noted otherwise.

• Big Grassy First Nation, Morson ON (population 632)
• Cote First Nation, Kamsack SK (population 2,979)
• Couchiching First Nation, Fort Frances ON (population 1,950)
• Cowessess First Nation, Cowessess SK (population 3,418)
• Eagle Lake First Nation, Migisi Sahgaigan ON (population 159 in 1991)
• Ebb and Flow First Nation, Ebb and Flow MB
• Fishing Lake First Nation, Wadena SK (population 1,483)
• Gordon First Nation, Punnichy SK (population 2,938)
• Keeseekoose First Nation, Kamsack SK (population 2,033)
• Key First Nation, Norquay SK (population 420 in 2001)
• Kinistin First Nation, Tisdale SK (population 836)
• Muscowpetung First Nation, Fort Qu'Appelle SK (population 1,133)
• Muskoday First Nation (primarily Cree but historically part Saulteaux)
• Muskowekwan First Nation Lestock SK (population 1,460)
• Naicatchewenin First Nation, Devlin ON (population 353)
• Naotkamegwanning First Nation, Pawitik ON (population 1,047)
• Nigigoonsiminikaaning (Nicickousemenecaning) First Nation, Fort Frances ON (population 268)
• O'Chiese First Nation, Rocky Mountain House AB (population 882)
• Pasqua First Nation, Fort Qu'Appelle SK (population 1,716)
• Pine Creek First Nation, Pine Creek MB (population 2,592)
• Pauingassi First Nation, Pauingass, MB (population 561)
• Rainy River First Nations, Manitou Rapids, ON (population 410)
• Sakimay First Nations, Grenfell SK (population 1,364)
• Saulteau First Nations, Moberly Lake, BC (population 818 in 2005)
• Saulteaux First Nation, Cochin, SK (population 1,102)
• Seine River First Nation, Mine Centre ON (population 678)
• Shoal Lake No. 40, Shoal Lake ON (population 522)
• Swan Lake First Nation, Swan Lake MB (population 1,167)
• Yellow Quill First Nation, Yellow Quill SK (population 2,475)

• Adam Beach, actor

• information, via Minnesota State University
• Our Languages: Nakawē (Saskatchewan Indian Cultural Centre)