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A septum (Latin: something that encloses; plural Septa) is a partition separating two cavities or spaces. Examples include:

• Nasal septum: the cartilage wall separating the nostrils of the human nose.Often deviated or perforated through physical injury or cocaine abuse.
• Cephalopod Septa: walls between each chamber, or siphuncle, in shells of nautiloids, ammonites, and belemnites; i.e. cephalopods that retain an external shell.
• The wall dividing the right side of the heart from the left side.

Fungi produce septa to partition filamentous hyphae into discrete cells.

Histological septa are seen throughout most tissues of the body, particularly where they are needed to stiffen a soft cellular tissue, and they also provide planes of ingress for small blood vessels. Because the dense collagen fibres of a septum usually extend out into the softer adjacent tissues, microscopic fibrous septa are less clearly defined than the macroscopic types of septa listed above. In rare instances, a septum is a cross-wall.

The septum is also found within the chambers of the heart. It provides strength to the walls of the heart and separates the left and right sides of the heart.

Septa seal the two conical flasks. A cannula is used to transfer THF from the flask on the right to the flask on the left.

In chemistry and other experimental sciences, septa are rubber stoppers which seal flasks or bottles. They are designed to be pierced by a needle or cannula which allows fluids to be transferred. Septa are often used together with Schlenk flasks and Schlenk lines to handle oxygen- or moisture-sensitive materials.

Septum magneta and electrostatic septum are two types of septa that can deflect an ejected beam while not affecting the orbiting beam. These devices are used with a circular particle beam accelerator to inject or eject a beam of particles to or from an accelerator.

Part of the limbic system that regulates emotions and the ability to learn and control impulses as well as such drives as sex, hunger, thirst, aggression, and fear. The septum (or septal nuclei) in the brain is named for its approximate shape (partition). The septum is rich with nicotonic cholinergic receptors.

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