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Siberian Larch
Siberian Larch in Montreal Botanic Gardens
Conservation status
Least concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Pinophyta Class: Pinopsida Order: Pinales Family: Pinaceae Genus: Larix Species: L. sibirica
Binomial name
Larix sibirica Ledeb.

The Siberian Larch or Russian Larch (Larix sibirica; syn. L. russica) is a frost-hardy tree native to western Russia, from close to the Finnish border east to the Yenisei valley in central Siberia, where it intergrades with the Dahurian Larch L. gmelinii of eastern Siberia.

It is a medium-size to large deciduous coniferous tree reaching 20-40 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The crown is conic when young, becoming broad with age; the main branches are level to upswept, with the side branches often pendulous. The shoots are dimorphic, with growth divided into long shoots (typically 10-50 cm long) and bearing several buds, and short shoots only 1-2 mm long with only a single bud. It is most easily distinguished from the closely related European Larch by the shoots being downy (hairless in European Larch). The leaves are needle-like, light green, 2-4 cm long, and turn bright yellow before they fall in the autumn, leaving the pale yellow-buff shoots bare until the next spring.

The male and female cones are borne separately on the same tree; pollination is in early spring. The male cones are solitary, yellow, globose to oblong, 4-8 mm diameter, and produce wingless pollen. The mature female cones are erect, ovoid-conic, 2-4 cm long, with 30-70 erect or slightly incurved (not reflexed) and downy seed scales; they are green variably flushed red when immature, turning brown and opening to release the winged seeds when mature, 4-6 months after pollination. The old cones commonly remain on the tree for many years, turning dull grey-black. The minimum seed-bearing age is 10-15 years.

Because of its rot resistance, larch wood is especially valuable for posts, poles, railroad tie sleepers, and mine props.

It is grown in Canada and the northern United States to a limited extent, first cultivated there in 1806.

It is faster-growing than many other coniferous trees in cold regions, but requires full sunlight. When grown in plantations it should be kept widely spaced, and intensive thinning is required.

• Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Larix sibirica. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.

• Siberian Larch cones photographs