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Signal Hill, Newfoundland and Labrador
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador.
Because of its strategic placement overlooking the harbour, fortifications have been placed on the hill since the mid 1600s.
The final battle of the Seven Years' War in North America was fought in 1762 at the Battle of Signal Hill, in which the French surrendered St. John's to the British under the command of Lt. Colonel William Amherst. Lt. Colonel Amherst renamed what was then known as "The Lookout" as "Signal Hill," because of the signalling that took place upon its summit from its flagmast. Flag communication between land and sea would take place there from the 1600s until 1960.
During Signal Hill's first construction period in the late 1700s, Signal Hill was designated as the citadel for St. John's. Other Canadian citadels include Citadel Hill in Halifax and Citadelle in Quebec City.
During the 1800s, Signal Hill was manned specifically during the Napoleonic Wars and the American Civil War. A second construction period in Signal Hill's history saw the construction of the Queen's Battery Barracks which, today, has been completely restored to the period of 1862.
Construction on Cabot Tower began in 1897 to commemorate Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in 1897 and the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's landfall in 1497. The building was declared officially open in 1900. The practical uses of the building were flag mast signalling, and a Marconi wireless station which has since been moved to St. John's International Airport.
On December 12, 1901, the first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi in an abandoned fever and Diphtheria hospital, which has since been destroyed by fire. IEEE Milestone Plaque The transmission originated from his Poldhu Wireless Station, Cornwall.
The United States maintained anti-aircraft guns on the hill during World War II.
Today, Signal Hill is a Canadian National Historic Site and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, circa 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.