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Sine qua non or conditio sine qua non was originally a Latin legal term for "without which it could not be" ("but for"). It refers to an indispensable and essential action, condition, or ingredient. In recent times it has passed from a merely legal usage to a more general usage in many languages, including English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, etc. In Classical Latin the correct form uses the word condicio, but nowadays the phrase is sometimes found to be used with conditio, which has a different meaning in Latin ("foundation"). The phrase is also used in economics, philosophy and medicine.

An example of the term's usage was annotated in H.W. Brand's biography of Andrew Jackson. The book included a toast given by Andrew Jackson on the occasion of Jackson receiving an honorary doctorate from Harvard. The President responded to his listeners, "E pluribus unum, my friends. Sine qua non."

The phrase is also referenced in Chapter 5 of Gardner's Grendel. The dragon references the quote while discussing the absurdity of man.

Sine Qua Non is also a monster in the online RPG, Adventure Quest.

Sine qua non is used in Barbara Tuchman's "The Patricians" to denote the importance of land to society in early 1900's British society.

SQN Electronics is a United Kingdom company primarily producing audio mixers.

The phrase is also referenced in Chapter 5, Book IV of Fyodor Dostoevsky's "The Brothers Karamazov". Kolya Krassotkin comments "I believe in the people and am always glad to give them their due, but I am not for spoiling them, that is a sine qua non...