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Sinodonty is a particular pattern of teeth common among Native Americans and some peoples in Asia, in particular the northern Han Chinese and some Japanese populations. The upper first two incisors are not aligned with the other teeth, but rotated a few degrees inward, and, moreover, they are shovel-shaped; the upper first premolar has one root (whereas the upper first premolar in Caucasians has normally two roots; the lower first molar has three roots (whereas it has two roots in Caucasians). The name Sinodonty literally means "Chinese teeth".

Anthropologist Christy Turner identified what he termed the "Mongoloid dental complex" for East Asia, consisting of two patterns: Sinodonty and Sundadonty. The latter is regarded as having a more generalised, Negroid morphology and having a longer ancestry than its offspring, Sinodonty.

He found the Sundadont pattern in the Jomon, the indigenous inhabitants of Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Borneo, Laos, and Malaysia, and the Sinodont pattern in the inhabitants of China, Mongolia, eastern Siberia, Native Americans, and the Yayoi.

In the 1990s, Turner's dental measurements were frequently mentioned as one of three new tools for studying origins and migrations of human populations. The other two were linguistic methods like Joseph Greenberg's mass comparison of vocabulary or Johanna Nichols's statistical study of language typology and its evolution, and genetic studies pioneered by Cavalli-Sforza.

'Sino' and 'Sunda' refer to China and Sundaland, while 'dont' refers to teeth.

Today, the largest number of references on the web to Turner's work are from discussions of the origin of Paleo-Indians and modern Native Americans, including the Kennewick Man controversy. Turner found that the dental remains of both ancient and modern Indians are more similar to each other than they are to dental complexes from other continents, but that the Sinodont patterns of the Paleoindians identify their ancestral homeland as north-east Asia. Some later studies have questioned this and found Sundadont features in some American peoples.

• The Journey of Man by Spencer Wells; Princeton University Press 2002; ISBN 0-691-11532-X

• Sinodonty Diagram
• Affinities of the Paleoindians
• "Tracing Native American Origins"

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