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A sirocco from Libya blowing dust over the Mediterranean, Malta, Italy, and Greece

A sirocco from Morocco blowing dust over the Alboran Sea, Gibraltar, and southern Spain

Sirocco, scirocco, jugo or, rarely, siroc is a Mediterranean wind that comes from the Sahara and reaches hurricane speeds in North Africa and Southern Europe. It is known locally as the qibli (قبلی i.e. "coming from the qibla".)

Scirocco and Sirocco are Italian names from which the Greek word for the wind, "σιρόκος" (sirokos), is derived, while jugo is its name in Croatia and ghibli in Libya. The sirocco reaching the south of France contains more moisture and is known as the marin. The name of sirocco in the southwest of Spain is leveche. Leveche usually carries red Sahara dust and is associated with storms and heavy rain.

It arises from a warm, dry, tropical airmass that is pulled northward by low-pressure cells moving eastward across the Mediterranean Sea, with the wind originating in the Arabian or Sahara deserts.^[1] The hotter, drier continental air mixes with the cooler, wetter air of the maritime cyclone, and the counter-clockwise circulation of the low propels the mixed air across the southern coasts of Europe.

The Sirocco causes dusty, dry conditions along the northern coast of Africa, storms in the Mediterranean Sea, and cold, wet weather in Europe. The Sirocco's duration may be a half day or many days. Many people attribute health problems to the Sirocco either because of the heat and dust along the African coastal regions or the cool dampness in Europe. The dust within the Sirocco winds can degrade mechanical devices and invade domiciles.

These winds with speeds of almost 100 kilometers per hour are most common during the autumn and the spring. They reach a peak in March and in November, with a maximum speed of about 100 km/h (55 knots, hurricane-force).

Other prominent wind systems in the region are the bora/bura/burja (northwestern) and the lebeccio/lebić (southwestern).

• Wind

• Names of Winds