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Sport governing bodies comes in various forms, but the key factor is having some regulatory function. This may be disciplinary action for rule infractions, deciding on rule changes etc.

Governing bodies have different scopes. They may cover a range of sport at an international level, like the International Olympic Committee, or only a single sport at a national level, like the Rugby Football League. National bodies may or may not be affiliated to international bodies for the same sport.

The first international federations were formed at the end of the 19th century.

International Federation — responsible for one sport (or a group of similar sport disciplines, such as aquatics or skiing). They create a common set of rules and organise international competitions. Promotion of the sport is also a task of an international federation.

National Federation — have the same objectives as an international federation, but within the scope of one country, or even part of a country. They support local clubs and are often responsible for national teams. National Olympic Committees are a type of National Federation — responsible for a country's participation in the Olympics Games. A national governing body or NGB would be another.

Multi-sport event organizers — responsible for the organization of a certain event which contains more than one sport. The best known example is the International Olympic Committee (IOC), organizer of the modern Olympic Games.

General sports organisations — responsible for a sports related topics, usually for a certain group, such as Catholic or Jewish sport, military or university sport.

Professional leagues, which may or may not work extensively with national and/or international federations.

Trusts — organizations or groups that have control over money that will be used to help someone else, such as the Youth Sport Trust.

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