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Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Unicode |
|---|
| Encodings |
| UCS |
| Mapping |
| Bi-directional text |
| BOM |
| Han unification |
| Unicode and HTML |
| Unicode and e-mail |
| Unicode typefaces |
The Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode (SCSU) is a Unicode Technical Standard for reducing the number of bytes needed to represent Unicode text, especially if that text uses mostly characters from one or a small number of per-language character blocks. It does so by dynamically mapping values in the range 128–255 to offsets within particular blocks of 128 characters. The initial conditions of the encoder mean that existing strings in ASCII and ISO-8859-1 that do not contain C0 control codes other than NULL TAB CR and LF can be treated as SCSU strings. Since most alphabets do reside in blocks of contiguous Unicode codepoints, texts that use small alphabets and either ascii punctuation or punctuation that fits within the window for the main alphabet can be encoded at one byte per character (plus setup overhead, which for common languages is often only 1 byte), most other punctuation can be encoded at 2 bytes per symbol through non-locking shifts. SCSU can also switch to UTF-16 internally to handle non-alphabetic languages.
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SCSU has not been a resounding success. Few applications need to compress so much Unicode text that it's worth using a special-purpose compression scheme which (so far) does not have widespread support. Treated purely as a compression algorithm, SCSU is inferior to most commonly-used general-purpose algorithms for texts of over a few kilobytes. It can be used as a text encoding, but it can be difficult to handle internally, and the percentage savings of SCSU versus UTF-16 or UTF-8 drops after external compression, dramatically in the case of bzip2 and other modern compression schemes. SCSU does have the advantage that it can usefully compress texts that are only a few characters long, whereas most full-scale compressors need a few kilobytes of data to break even against their own overhead.
Reuters, the organization that floated the first draft of SCSU, is believed to use SCSU internally.