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Steven Best (born December 1955) is an American animal rights activist, author, talk-show host, and associate professor of philosophy at the University of Texas at El Paso. He has been described as "one of the leading scholarly voices on animal rights." ^[1]

Best is co-founder of the Center on Animal Liberation Affairs (CALA), the first group dedicated to the philosophical discussion of animal liberation. ^[2] His academic interests are continental philosophy, postmodernism, and environmental philosophy. He is the editor, with Anthony J. Nocella, of Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? Reflections on the Liberation of Animals (2004), which has a foreword by Ward Churchill.

In December 2004, Best co-founded the North American Animal Liberation Press Office, which acts as a media office for a number of animal rights groups, including the Animal Liberation Front (ALF), though he has said that he is not himself an ALF activist. ^[1] He came to public attention in 2005, when the British Home Office told him it intended to use counter-terrorist measures adopted in light of the July 2005 London bombings to prevent him from addressing an animal rights rally in the UK. ^[3] Best responded by alleging that Britain was becoming a police state.^[4]

Contents 1 Education 2 Work on postmodernism 3 Journal work 4 Banned from the UK 5 Criticism 6 Works 7 Notes 8 Further reading

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After attending high school in Chicago, Best took casual jobs in factories and drove a truck for a few years. He attended the College of DuPage (Illinois) from 1977 to 1979, where he completed an associate degree in film and theater; the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign from 1979 to 1983, where he received a bachelor's degree with distinction; the University of Chicago from 1985 to 1987 for his master's degree; and the University of Texas at Austin for his Ph. D. from 1989 to 1993.

In 1993, he began as an Assistant Professor of Humanities and Philosophy at the University of Texas, El Paso, promoted to Associate Professor in 1999, and then to the Chair of the Philosophy Department in 2002. His colleagues replaced him as Chair in March, 2005, an act which Best has alleged appeared to be a form of punishment for his outspoken activism on behalf of ethical causes such as animal and earth liberation that the academy has largely dodged to date.

Best has produced several books that explore postmodernism and its challenges to science thoroughly. He usually takes a moderate approach in seeing benefits and flaws in both modernism and postmodernism. He has also produced papers on contemporary culture such as the film Robocop^[5], hiphop music^[6] and H.G. Wells^[7].

Best is also on the international advisory board for the International Journal of Inclusive Democracy^[8]. Often writing alongside of Douglas Kellner, Best relates his animal rights and environmental advocacy to issues of democracy, socialism and human rights. He is a supporter of direct democracy, as are most editors of the journal.

Best had been threatened with a ban on entering Britain in 2004 when he was to attend an animal rights conference. In this case, he wrote a letter to the Home Office arguing that Britain must maintain its long history of free speech. He also compared banning him from arguing for property destruction in certain cases to be akin to banning Peter Singer from supporting euthanasia and infanticide. On this occasion, Best was allowed to visit Britain. He published an essay on the scenario entitled "Banned in the UK! Home Office says 'Home!' to US Animal Rights Activists".

Around a year later, Best planned to attend a rally to celebrate the closure, as a result of protests from the animal rights movement, of NewChurch Farm, where guinea pigs were being bred for research purposes. The government is said to have been angered by the closure and by the apparent success of the animal rights protests.

Charles Clarke, the British home secretary, said he would rely on new Home Office rules preventing people from enter the UK if they "foment, justify or glorify terrorist violence in further of particular beliefs; seek to provoke others to terrorist acts; foment other serious criminal activity or seek to provoke others to serious criminal acts."^[3]

In a letter to Best dated August 24, 2005, Clarke cited words Best is quoted by The Daily Telegraph as having said in July 2005, when he attended an animal rights conference in the UK: "We are not terrorists, but we are a threat. We are a threat both economically and philosophically. Our power is not in the right to vote but the power to stop production. We will break the law and destroy property until we win." Best is also alleged to have said that the animal rights movement did not want to "reform" vivisectionists but to "wipe them off the face of the earth".^[3]

The letter said that: "In expressing such views, it is considered that you are fomenting and justifying terrorist violence and seeking to provoke others to terrorist acts and fomenting other serious criminal activity and seeking to provoke others to serious criminal acts."^[4] The letter was dated the same day that the Home Office published its new list of behaviors that would see people banned from the UK. Under the list, people who write, speak, run a website, or use their positions as teachers to express views that "foment, justify, or glorify violence in furtherance of particular beliefs" will be banned or deported. The British government called the new measures part of its "ongoing work to tackle terrorism and extremism."^[4]

Best responded to the ban by saying it didn't surprise him. He told the Chronicle of Higher Education: "It was only a matter of time, especially after July 7. The climate in Britain is totally unbelievable. It's very fascist. It's becoming a police state."^[4]

David Martosko, research director of the Center for Consumer Freedom, maintains that Best is a spokesman for terrorists. "If a university professor were out there saying that abortion-clinic bombers had a good plan going," Martosko told The Chronicle of Higher Education, "the university would sever the guy's tenure in a New York minute."^[1]

Brian O'Connor, a former professor of anatomy and cell biology at the Indiana University School of Medicine, who has used dogs in experiments on the central nervous system, told the Chronicle that Best is a "total ideologue."^[4]

• Best, Steven, and Nocella, Anthony J. Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? Reflections on the Liberation of Animals. Lantern Books, 2004, ISBN 1-59056-054-X
• Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas. The Postmodern Adventure: Science, Technology, and Cultural Studies at the Third Millennium. Guilford, June 2001. ISBN 978-1-57230-665-3
• Best, Steven and Nocella, Anthony J. Igniting A Revolution: Voices in Defense of the Earth, AK Press, 2006. ISBN 1-904859-56-9
• Best, Steven. The Politics of Historical Vision: Marx, Foucault, Habermas, Guilford 1995. ISBN 978-1-57230-145-0
• Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas. Postmodern Theory: Critical Interrogations, Guilford 1991. ISBN 978-0-89862-412-0
• Best, Steven and Kellner, Douglas. The Postmodern Turn, Guilford 1991. ISBN 978-0-89862-412-0
• Best, Steven. Animal Rights and Moral Progress: The Struggle for Human Evolution (forthcoming).

1. ^ ^{a b c} Smallwood, Scott. "Speaking for the Animals, or the Terrorists?", The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 5, 2005.
2. ^ Center on Animal Liberation Affairs.
3. ^ ^{a b c} MacLeod, Donald. "Britain uses hate law to ban animal rights campaigner", The Guardian, August 31, 2005.
4. ^ ^{a b c d e} Smallwood, Scott. "Britain Bans American Professor Who Speaks on Behalf of Animal Liberation Front", The Chronicle of Higher Education, August 29, 2005.
5. ^ http://www.drstevebest.org/papers/phiecosoc/robocop.php
6. ^ http://www.drstevebest.org/papers/phiecosoc/rap.php
7. ^ http://www.drstevebest.org/papers/phiecosoc/hgwells.php
8. ^ http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/

• Steven Best's website
• Center on Animal Liberation Affairs
• "You don't support the ALF because why?" by Steven Best, undated, retrieved October 28, 2005