Supertonic
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In music or music theory, the supertonic is the second degree or note of a diatonic scale (in other words, immediately "above" the tonic). For example, in the C major scale (white keys on a piano, starting on C), the supertonic is the note D; and the supertonic chord uses the notes D, F, and A. In music theory, the supertonic chord is symbolized by the Roman numeral II if major (for example D-F♯-A in C major with a sharpened third) or ii if minor (for example D-F-A in C major without any chromatic alteration).
The function of the supertonic chord in a tonal/functional context is to go to the Dominant chord. When spelled diatonically, the supertonic is a minor triad in a major key, and a diminished triad in a minor key.
"Supertonic" also refers to a relationship of musical keys. For example, relative to the key of C major, the key of D major (or D minor) is the supertonic. Modulation (change of key) to the supertonic is relatively rare, compared to modulation to the dominant.
In German theory derived from Hugo Riemann the supertonic is considered the subdominant parallel.
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