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Silver Surfer
Promotional art for Annihilation: Silver Surfer #2 (July 2006), by Gabriele Dell'Otto.
Publisher Marvel Comics First appearance Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966) Created by Jack Kirby Stan Lee
Characteristics Alter ego Norrin Radd Species Zenn-Lavian, from Zenn-La Team affiliations Heralds of Galactus Defenders Secret Defenders Star Masters The Order Notable aliases Silver Savage, Sentinel of the Spaceways, Cosmic Wanderer, Silverado, Chrome Dome, Skyrider Abilities Endowed with the Power Cosmic: Superhuman strength, stamina, reflexes, durability, and senses Immortality Energy and molecular manipulation Superluminal flight Cosmic awareness

The Silver Surfer (Norrin Radd) is a fictional comic book superhero in the Marvel Comics universe. The character was created by Jack Kirby and Stan Lee. He first appears in Fantastic Four #48 (March 1966), the first of a three-issue arc fans and historians call "The Galactus Trilogy".^[1][2]

Originally a young astronomer of the planet Zenn-La, in order to save his home-world from destruction by a fearsome cosmic entity known as Galactus, Norrin Radd made a bargain with the being, pledging himself to serve as his herald. Imbued in return with a tiny portion of Galactus' Power Cosmic,^[3] Radd acquired great powers and a silvery appearance. Galactus also created for Radd a surfboard-like craft — modeled after a childhood fantasy of his — on which he would travel at speeds beyond that of light. Known from then on as the Silver Surfer, Radd began to roam the cosmos searching for new planets for Galactus to consume. When his travels finally took him to Earth, the Surfer came face-to-face with the Fantastic Four, a team of powerful superheroes that helped him to rediscover his nobility of spirit. Betraying Galactus, the Surfer saved Earth but was punished in return with exile there.^[4]

Contents 1 Publication history 2 Fictional character biography 2.1 Herald of Galactus 2.2 Exiled to Earth 2.3 Freedom from exile 2.4 Planet Hulk 2.5 Annihilation 3 Powers and abilities 4 Other versions 4.1 Ultimate Silver Surfer 4.2 Carnage Cosmic 4.3 Exiles 4.4 Marvel Zombies 4.5 MC2 4.6 The Keeper 4.7 Earth X/Universe X/Paradise X 5 In other media 5.1 Television 5.2 Film 5.3 Video games 5.4 Philately 5.5 Cultural references 6 Collections 7 Footnotes 8 References 9 External links

The Silver Surfer entered the world of comics as an unplanned addition to a story about Galactus and the Fantastic Four In the mid-1960s, Lee and Kirby were using a three-part method for creating comics. They would first brainstorm rough ideas together, then Kirby would work individually to draw the scenes, and Lee would finally add the dialog.^[5] During one of these sessions, Kirby's drawing confronted Lee with a surprising sight: "There, in the middle of the story we had so carefully worked out, was a nut on some sort of flying surfboard."^[6] Kirby explained that a god-like cosmic predator of planets like Galactus should have some sort of herald, and that he created the surfboard "because I'm tired of drawing spaceships!"^{[6] [7]} Taken by the noble features of the new character, Lee not only overcame his initial skepticism but also began adding to characterization, and the Silver Surfer soon became a key part of the unfolding story. ^[5]

Following the Surfer's debut, Lee and Kirby were inundated with letters of appreciation from fans,^{[citation needed]} and brought him back as recurring guest in Fantastic Four #55-61, 72, 74-77 (ranging Oct. 1966 - Aug. 1968) and made his solo debut in the backup story of Fantastic Four Annual #5 (Nov. 1967).

Lee enjoyed the character and decided to feature him in his own individual title in 1968. John Buscema was penciller for the first 17 issues of the series, with Kirby returning for the eighteenth and final issue. The first seven issues, which included anthological "Tales of the Watcher" backup stories, were 72-page (with advertising), 25-cent "giants", as opposed to typical 36-page, 12-cent comics of the time. Thematically, the stories dealt with the Surfer's exile on Earth and the inhumanity of man as observed by this noble yet fallen hero. The Silver Surfer comic book series became known as one of Lee's most thoughtful and introspective works. Englehart writes that Buscema and Lee were "pouring their souls into the series".^[8]

Nonetheless, the series was soon canceled. There was one attempt to revive the character in a joint episode with Marvel's Sub-Mariner. In the episode, Silver Surfer and Sub-Mariner became entwined in a "turf battle" and the Sub-Mariner defeated Silver Surfer. This episode was upsetting to many Silver Surfer fans. According to Engelhart, the graphic novel format was too expensive to maintain indefinitely and the larger panels used by Buscema meant that there was, proportionately, a lesser amount of story per page than in other comics.^[8] Moreover, the monologues and tragic hero persona of the new Surfer soon became unpopular.^[8] After this comic's cancellation, the Surfer continued to make sporadic appearances as a guest star or antagonist in such comic books as Thor, The Defenders and Fantastic Four. Lee remained partial to the Surfer and even personally requested that each Silver Surfer comic contain a "Stan Lee presents" announcement.^{[citation needed]}

Lee and Kirby collaborated on a Silver Surfer graphic novel published in 1978. Then, after a 1982 one-shot^{[citation needed]} by writer-artist John Byrne, the Surfer appeared in his second solo, ongoing title in 1987. Here he escaped the confines of Earth and left for the spaceways.^{[citation needed]} Originally written by Steve Englehart and illustrated by Marshall Rogers, the series would later be written by Jim Starlin and illustrated by Ron Lim. Starlin in turn would be succeeded by Ron Marz, with George Perez and J. M. DeMatteis also having brief stints at writing the series. Additional artists included Tom Grindberg, Ron Garney, and Jon J. Muth, as well as periodic guest spots by the aforementioned John Buscema. Although the title experienced great initial success, and continued to be buoyed by tie-ins to "Infinity Gauntlet" and other company crossovers, this second ongoing series was canceled in 1998 after 146 issues.

The Silver Surfer: Parable, scripted by Lee and drawn by Moebius, was serialized in two parts in 1988 and 1989. Because of inconsistencies with other stories, it has been argued that these stories actually feature an alternate Silver Surfer from a parallel Earth.^[9] The graphic novel by Lee/Moebius won the Eisner Award for best finite/limited series in 1989.

Following the miniseries, a new ongoing Silver Surfer series began in 2003, focusing on the character's alien nature and messianic allegory. It lasted 14 issues. The Surfer later appeared in an issue of Cable & Deadpool and has twice been reunited with the superhero group the Defenders. Silver Surfer has initially appeared as a guest star in the 12-issue long Planet Hulk storyline (preceding Marvel's 2007 crossover World war Hulk), but was revealed to have a much more imporant role later on.

In 2006-2007, he starred in the four-issue miniseries Annihilation: Silver Surfer and co-starred in the miniseries Heralds of Galactus, both part of the "Annihilation" fictional crossover.

Following Annihilation, Silver Surfer appeared in Dwayne McDuffie and Paul Pelletiere's take on the Fantastic Four's first post-Civil war crossover storyline, called Reconstruction: Silver Surfer. Silver Surfer acted as a herald of Galactus.

In 2007, the Silver Surfer starred in the out of continuity four-issue miniseries Silver Surfer: Requiem by JMS and Esad Ribic. The first issue was released May 30, 2007 to coincide with the character's first movie appearance. ^[10] Published under the Marvel Knights imprint, Silver Surfer: Requiem portrays the character upon learning he has a terminal illness.

Subsequently, Marvel has started to release "In thy name", another Silver Surfer mini-series by creative team of Simon Spurrier and Ten Eng Huat.

The Silver Surfer was born Norrin Radd on the idyllic planet Zenn-La. His father is Jartan Radd, his mother Elmar Radd, and his half-brother Fennan Radd. All four are part of an ancient and significantly advanced civilization that has lost the will to strive or explore, leaving Norrin Radd restless and yearning for something more than the idle pleasure pursued by his fellows. Faced suddenly with the total destruction of his world by planet-consuming Galactus, Radd strikes a deal with the omnipotent space-god. In return for the safety of Zenn-La and his lover, Shalla-Bal, Radd pledges himself to serve as Galactus' herald and to seek out other planets for the world devourer to feed on. In striking this bargain, Radd also satisfies his long-held desire to adventure beyond the limiting world of his home. Accepting the young mortal's sacrifice, Galactus imbues him with a portion of the Power Cosmic, transforming him into the Silver Surfer.^[11] Radd proceeds to serve Galactus for an unspecified amount of time, unable to return to Zenn-La and Shalla-Bal. During this time, the Surfer tries to seek out uninhabited planets for the world-eater's attention, but as they became harder to find, Galactus tampers with the Surfer's conscience and removes this self-imposed restraint. Eventually, the Surfer arrives on Earth and, after deciding that the planet is ripe for Galactus' nourishment, summons his master.

Here the Surfer meets the Fantastic Four. Touched by their nobility, he chooses to rebel against Galactus and attempts to prevent his master from consuming the planet. Galactus is eventually driven off, but as punishment for this rebellion he confines the Surfer to the planet with an invisible barrier that affects only him.^[12]

Stories immediately following the Surfer's exile to Earth depict him as a semi-divine being, immeasurably powerful yet lacking the most basic understanding of good or evil. A completely amoral entity, he develops a sense of compassion through contact with the gentle Alicia Masters, a blind sculptress capable of perceiving the Surfer's innate nobility.^[4] This theme continues through a series of subplots wherein the Surfer encounters various negative human traits including jealousy (when The Thing is driven to rage by the Surfer's relationship with his girlfriend, Alicia), deception, evil, cruelty (de-powered and imprisoned by Doctor Doom, then tortured by Doom's brutal henchmen), despair, hopelessness (languishing in a Latverian dungeon while Doom uses the Power Cosmic to conquer the world), and finally a thirst for revenge (destroying Doom's castle along with his sadistic captors when he finally escapes). At the same time, however, the Surfer continues to evolve as an individual, slowly groping his way to a knowledge of his own humanity.

During his exile, the Surfer fights numerous villains, including but not limited to Doctor Doom and Mephisto. Doom is obsessed with stealing the Surfer's Power Cosmic and finally does so, only to lose it by colliding with Galactus' barrier.^[13] The demonic Mephisto is equally persistent in trying to acquire the Surfer's soul by breaking his spirit, but Surfer's innate nobility thwarts him each time.^[14].

The Surfer's only ally during these trials is a physicist by the name of Al B. Harper, who eventually sacrifices himself to save the world from the Stranger.^[15] Angry at the general disregard shown by humans, the Surfer once goes so far as to declare war on humanity, but the U.S. military strikes him down with an experimental power-draining "Sonic Shark" missile and forces him to resume his wanderings.

Banding together with Hulk and Namor the Sub-Mariner during these wanderings, the Surfer forms the "Titans Three," a group dedicated to battling evil on Earth.^[16] Soon, Doctor Strange joins the group and it becomes "the Defenders." Surfer stays with them for a while, but his overwhelming desire to be free of Earth and his frequent collisions with Galactus' energy-draining barrier eventually drives him to leave the group.

During this time in exile, the Surfer is reunited with Shalla-Bal on several occasions, but almost every time she appears as an unwilling pawn of his enemies, and he is invariably forced to let her go to save the planet. During an Avengers-Defenders clash orchestrated by alien menaces Nebulon and Supernalia, the Surfer finally pierces Galactus' barrier with the aid of Reed Richards and temporarily escapes Earth. He discovers, though, that his home-world has been ravaged by Galactus and Shalla-Bal has been abducted by Mephisto and taken to Earth. Even though it means trapping himself once more, the Surfer returns to Earth to defeat Mephisto. Before being vanquished, Mephisto sends Shalla-Bal back to Zenn-La, but the Surfer manages to endow her with a portion of his Power Cosmic, which she uses to revitalize their ravaged home-world.^[17]

After all this time in exile, the Surfer finally manages to pierce Galactus' barrier once and for all by acting on the Thing's simple suggestion of trying to pass through without his surfboard. He also manages to make peace with Galactus by rescuing his current herald, Nova (Frankie Raye), from the Skrulls, after which Galactus finally declares the Surfer's long exile ended.^[18] He immediately revisits his home-world, but Shalla-Bal, in his absence, had become empress of the rejuvenated Zenn-La and hence unable to renew their romance.^[19]

Embroiled in fresh hostilities between the interstellar Kree and Skrull empires, the Surfer also intervenes in a series of plots by the Elders of the Universe, who plan to become supremely powerful by destroying Galactus and the universe with him. The Surfer thwarts this plot with the aid of his new love interest, Mantis, the Earth-born cosmic heroine also known as the "Celestial Madonna". She seems to die in the process, and although she eventually returns, she never fully renews their romances.^[20] After this loss, a grief-stricken Surfer turns to Nova and romantic feelings begin to develop between them.^[21] The Surfer's influence gradually leads Nova to question the morality of her role as herald to Galactus.^[22] Eventually replaced by the far more ruthless Morg, Nova dies in a conflict between the new herald and the Surfer and the other ex-heralds.^[23]

The Surfer, during this period, repeatedly battles other space-born menaces, the chief of whom is Thanos,^[24] a death-worshipping mutant of the race the Eternals who wipes out half the life in the universe using the omnipotent Infinity Gauntlet.^[25] The Surfer also finds interstellar allies in Adam Warlock's Infinity Watch, forms the short-lived "Star Masters" team, and begins attending occasional Defenders reunions. During his travels, the Surfer also meets his long-lost half-brother, Fennan, to whom Shalla-Bal has become married.^[26]

In one of his adventures, the Surfer discovers the way in which Galactus tampered with his mind during his time as herald.^[27] Further aspects of his past life are also revealed, including the fact that he saw his mother's dead body after she slit her own wrists^[28] and that his father, a prominent scientist, was accused of having plagiarized and shot himself in response to Norrin's disappointment.^[29] During the Infinity Gauntlet saga, the Surfer eventually confronts these memories and comes to forgive himself.^[30]

After saving a distant part of the universe from destruction at the hands of the Uni-Lord, a powerful god-like entity,^[31] the Surfer returns home only to find that Zenn-La and its people have vanished. Trying to determine what has happened, he comes to the horrible realization that his home-world was actually destroyed years ago, in the 1940s, by the mysterious, all powerful entity known as the Other. The Zenn-Lavian world and the people that he encountered on his return from exile were actually re-creations of the originals. Galactus, after finding Zenn-La ruined by the Other, recreated the planet and its inhabitants in every detail so that the Surfer would have a home to return to when he left his service.^[32] So accurate was this new Zenn-La that the Surfer, Skrull, Kree, the demonic Mephisto, and even the Celestials never realized that it wasn't the original planet or people. Why the "new" Zenn-La dissolved was never made entirely clear by the comics, but it was likely the result of Galactus' temporary absence from the main universe due to being caught in the Ultimate Nullifier's blast. Losing his capacity for emotion again, the Surfer returns to Earth, eventually regaining his personality during a time travel adventure and sharing a romance with Alicia Masters.^[33] The two ultimately part as friends after many adventures together.

After the Fantastic Four were resurrected in the aftermath of the Onslaught crisis and their return from the Heroes Reborn universe, the Surfer came to Earth to welcome them home, but ended up joining Spider-Man in his latest battle against Carnage. During this fight, the Carnage symbiote briefly managed to take over the Surfer, but the Surfer was able to expel the symbiote, trapping Carnage in an unbreakable prison where he would be forced to reflect upon his sins for all eternity ^[34] (Although he later escaped under as-yet-undisclosed circumstances). When a Gaea-powered curse from a dying Yandroth mystically forces Surfer, Namor, Hulk and Strange to assemble in response to any and all threats to the Earth, the ongoing stress coupled with the curse's subtle emotional influence gradually drive the four senior Defenders mad, and they attempt to conquer the world as "the Order" in the belief that this is the most efficient way to protect the planet. Their fellow Defenders Hellcat, Nighthawk, Valkyrie and Clea team up with other heroes – including Ardina, a cosmic-powered woman they mystically create from a portion of the Surfer's own energy – to oppose the Order and return them to their senses, just in time to prevent the curse from rendering a resurrected Yandroth all-powerful.

In the 2003 Silver Surfer series, the Surfer works with the alien Annunaki race to gather and protect some of Earth's most extraordinarily gifted children.^[35] In the end, one of these children, Ellie Waters, saves Earth from the godlike Marduk entity, preventing the apocalypse and reordering reality as if the Marduk crisis had never happened (though Ellie alone apparently retains her memories of these events).^[35] The Surfer then resumes his interstellar wanderings, but promises to be ready to aid his adopted home-world should Earth ever need him.

During his travels, Surfer was captured by a portal of the Planet Sakaar Empire. Left weakened and vulnerable by his trip through the portal the Surfer was subdued and implanted with an obedience slug to ensure he remained loyal to them. Fighting as a gladiator (and believed to be the fabled 'Sakaarson' due to his appearance), the Surfer was finally forced to face the Hulk along with his Warbound. Through teamwork and distraction the Hulk was eventually able to destroy the Surfer's obedience slug. The Hulk and several other slaves and gladiators were freed when the Surfer used the Power Cosmic to remove their own obedience slugs and give them a way out of the arena, although the Hulk declines the Surfer's offer to take him back to Earth.^[36]

Main article: Annihilation (comics)

He later joins other heralds of Galactus against the forces of the Annihilation Wave, and to help save Galactus from the despot Annihilus and two beings called Tenebrous and Aegis, becomes Galactus' herald once more. Annihilus captures the duo and gives them to the alien mastermind Thanos for experimentation. Thanos learns of Annihilus' more nefarious goals and attempts to free Galactus, but before he can do so, Thanos is killed by Drax the Destroyer. When Drax discovers Thanos' plan, he frees the Surfer, who in turn frees Galactus. An enraged Galactus destroys half the Annihilation Wave, allowing a group called the United Front to defeat Annihilus. The Surfer tracks down and defeats Aegis and Tenebrous, and fully returns to his role as Galactus' herald.^[37]

The Silver Surfer wields the Power Cosmic, absorbing and manipulating the universe's cosmic energy, and is virtually indestructible for practical purposes, but can be injured or even killed by beings approaching his own power-level, such as Morg or Thanos. He can navigate through space, dimensional barriers, and hyperspace, which he can enter to exceed the speed of light when flying on his board.^[38] He has even proven capable of time travel on several occasions.^[39] The Surfer, who sustains himself by converting matter into energy, does not require food, drink, air, or sleep. He is immune to extreme temperatures and radiation, and he can survive in vacuum environments such as outer space and hyperspace, he has even proven capable of withstanding the extreme forces encountered within black holes and stars.^[40][41] He can analyze and manipulate matter and energy, and restructure or animate matter at will, even transmuting elements. He can also project energy in various forms for offensive and defensive use. His power is such that he can create energy projections strong enough to destroy planets.^[42] He can utilize the Power Cosmic to augment his already superhuman strength to vast indeterminable levels.^[43]

The Surfer can heal living beings, though he cannot raise the dead,^[38] and he has proven capable of revitalizing and evolving organic life on a planet-wide scale.^[44] He can alter the size of himself or of other matter, cast illusions,^[45] fire energy blasts, form and manipulate energy constructs, absorb and discharge most forms of energy, and phase through solid matter.^[38]

His senses enable him to detect objects and energies light years away and to perceive matter and energy in subatomic detail.^[46] The Surfer can even see through time, and with concentration he can achieve limited perception of past and future events in his general vicinity. ^[47] He has demonstrated telepathic ability, including mind-reading^[48], on occasion and has proven able to influence human emotion and sensation.^[38]

The Surfer's board is composed of a nearly impervious, cosmically powered silvery material that is similar to his own skin. The board is mentally linked to the Surfer and moves in response to his thoughts even when he is not in physical contact with it.^[49] The board has a high degree of indestructibility, but on those rare occasions when it is damaged or destroyed, the Surfer is able to repair or even re-create it.^[18] The Surfer can attack opponents remotely by directing the board against them, and the board is capable of absorbing and imprisoning other beings, at least temporarily.^[50]

When Galactus exiled the Surfer to Earth, his means of imprisonment was linked to the board. When Surfer and the Fantastic Four realized this, Surfer put it to the test by leaving the board planet-side and entering space in the Four's spacecraft. Once he was free of Earth, the Surfer remotely converted the board to energy, recalled it to him, and reformed it in space.^[18]

During the Annihilation Wave, the Silver Surfer was empowered further by Galactus^[51], with power sufficient to engage and resist Aegis and Tenebrous, two ancient Proemial Gods of vast power, eventually destroying them through strategic means.^[52]

Warren Ellis's Ultimate Galactus trilogy originally suggested that the Ultimates' ally the Vision was the herald of Galactus, a robotic probe that travels through space warning civilizations of the impending arrival of Gah Lak Tus. In the final mini-series of the trilogy, Ultimate Extinction, silvery humanoids began to appear, sent to trigger mass suicides in order to reduce the population's resistance. Suicide cults founded by the creatures began to appear all across the globe as Gah Lak Tus drew near. These silvery beings had the ability to grow wings, morph into an ovoid, or take an intermediary form, gliding on an oval surface. They also demonstrated the ability to manipulate large quantities of energy. All these traits are reminiscent of the Surfer, but it was never specifically stated that they were his Ultimate version.

In Ultimate Fantastic Four #42, the Silver Surfer makes his proper, named appearance in the Ultimate Universe. He is teleported to Earth after Reed mistakes him for a star that he is trying to harness. His appearance triggers planet-wide chaos and natural calamities. In #43, Reed comments that Gah Lak Tus seems to have modeled its drones on the Surfer, and the Surfer gives his name as Norin Radd. He also states that he will summon his "master", who will make the population of the Earth happier than they have ever been.^[53]

In #44, the Surfer's master is revealed to be Zenn-La's ruler, Revka Temerlune Edifex Scyros III, "the king without enemies", who uses mind-control to make the population of Earth worship him (before it takes effect on the Fantastic Four, the Human Torch calls him "Psycho-Man"). It is revealed that the Surfer has been exiled from Zenn-La for destroying the control that Psycho-Man had over Zenn-la, but because of finding Earth for his master to "save" he may return. After Psycho-Man gains domain over Earth, Silver Surfer rescues Mr. Fantastic, tells him his story, and asks him to save Earth.The Surfer then helps the Fantastic Four defeat other Surfer like assassins of Psycho-Man.With the Surfers beaten and the insane Psycho-Man reprogrammed, Silver Surfer wanders the space ways.

Among his people the Surfer is referred to as the Silver Searcher.

The Silver Surfer bonds with the Carnage symbiote in two issues of Amazing Spider-Man, gaining the name "Carnage Cosmic". He looks like the original Carnage from the Spider-Man comics, but still has the trademark surfboard of the Silver Surfer. In a What If? storyline, the symbiote remained bonded to the Surfer, forcing Spider-Man and the Avengers to battle him until Firestar was able to use her powers to disrupt the symbiote's control over the Surfer. Realizing that there was only one way to stop the Carnage symbiote, the Silver Surfer flew himself into the sun, destroying both himself and the symbiote ^[54].

On Earth 552, Norrin Radd had been a great military scientist who accidentally destroyed his own world with his greatest invention. Determined to bring it back to existence, he approached Galactus, Restorer of Worlds, and became his herald in the hope that Galactus would resurrect his world in exchange for his service. However, Galactus had taken an oath to only revive those worlds destroyed by the Blight. An enraged Silver Surfer then turned against his master, destroying those who worshipped him and attempting to kill Galactus himself in order to steal the knowledge of world restoration. This led to the destruction of Earth, the coming of the Exiles, the deaths of the Shi'ar Imperial Guard Elite, and inevitably the Surfer's own destruction.^[55][56]

The Silver Surfer is a victim of the Marvel Zombies in that continuity. Instead of coming to Earth and meeting the Fantastic Four, he is attacked by a horde of zombies. After fighting valiantly, he is killed by the Zombie Hulk, and his body is devoured by a few of the zombies (Hulk, Colonel America, Giant-Man, Iron Man, Luke Cage, Wolverine, and Spider-Man). His corpse grants the zombies his cosmic powers, which they use to kill all of the other zombie heroes and villains. Afterwards, they use the powers to kill and eat Galatctus before learning they can fly and survive in space, allowing them to prey on the rest of the universe.^[57]

During the finale of Last Planet Standing, the Silver Surfer foils Galactus' plan to create a new Big Bang, merging with Galactus himself in the process to become a new being. Gaining control of Galactus' powers, the new entity undoes the damage done by the old Galactus.^[58]

In the alternate timeline of Earth-691, notably the Guardians of the Galaxy issues #24 and #25 story arc, Norrin Radd was featured as The Keeper, a new version of the Silver Surfer sans his surfboard and with the addition of the Quantum Bands, which augmented his "Power Cosmic" and designated him as the Protector of the Universe, as with other bearers of the Bands before him. He works with the Guardians in an attempt to kill Galactus once and for all, his first attempt with Firelord and Dargo-Thor having failed. Eventually, the Keeper realizes that, with his augmented power, he can supply Galactus with the energy he needs and end the Planet-Eater's consumption of worlds. Eon, cosmic being and creator of the Quantum Bands, reveals that this was the ultimate purpose of the Keeper becoming the Protector of the Universe, and he enters into a symbiotic partnership with Galactus, who accepts the Keeper as an equal; he is last seen leaving with Galactus, riding a silver surfboard once more.

In issue 11 and 12 of the Earth X series, Black Bolt calls upon Galactus to come destroy the Celestial seed growing within Earth. The Silver Surfer accompanies him along with his love Shalla-Bal, who had now has been turned into a silver herald of Galactus as well. He briefly helps Galactus fight an army brought together by a boy calling himself the Red Skull.

Main article: Silver Surfer (TV series)

The Surfer's first animated appearance was in "Galactus," an episode of the Hanna-Barbera 1967 Fantastic Four animated series, which closely followed the Marvel comic story.^[59] He also put in several appearances in the 1994 version of the animated series that was part of the Marvel Action Hour, voiced by Robin Sachs in the first season, then Edward Albert in the last episode of the second. This series also adhered closely to the original comic book story, recounting Surfer and Galactus' coming to Earth in a two-part episode as well as Doctor Doom's theft of Surfer's powers.^[60][61]

In 1998, the Surfer starred in a solo animated series on the FOX Network, voiced by Paul Essiembre. Blending cel and computer animation, this series was rendered in the style of Surfer creator Jack Kirby but diverged from the comic in various ways. Although it accurately depicted the Surfer's origin on Zenn-La, the method by which he regained his emotions and memories was altered to not involve the Fantastic Four. Further adventures included appearances by many characters from Marvel's "cosmic" stable, including Thanos, the Watcher, Ego the Living Planet, Mentor, Drax the Destroyer, Pip the Troll, Nebula, and the Kree and Skrull empires, their portrayals and roles often differed from their comic book incarnations. Possessed of an unusually serious tone compared to Marvel's other animated projects, with frequent maudlin musings by the Surfer and episode resolutions which were often downbeat, the series was canceled after only one season of thirteen episodes, ending on a cliffhanger. Eight further episodes for the next season were written but never animated.^[62]

Main article: Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer

The Silver Surfer made his film debut in 20th Century Fox's Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer, the sequel to the 2005 film Fantastic Four. Doug Jones played the Surfer on set, and a computer simulation enhanced the reflective look of his prosthetics.^[63] Laurence Fishburne provided the character's voice. Assured of the film's commercial success, 20th Century Fox hired J. Michael Straczynski to write the screenplay for a spin-off film. Straczynski said his script is a sequel, but will also delve into the Surfer's origins.^[64]

In this continuity, the Surfer's origins are highly similar to that of his comic-book incarnation, in that he agreed to become Galactus's herald in return for the safety of his home-world, Zenn-La, and the woman he loved, Shalla-Bal. The movie incarnation differs from his comics counterpart in that instead of having innate power (the Power Cosmic), his power comes from the surfboard itself, which also serves as a beacon for Galactus. In the end, the Surfer turns on Galactus after he witnesses Sue Storm die in Reed's arms. The Surfer brings Sue back to life and then goes off to destroy Galactus, The Surfer appears to implode and destroys Galactus in the process. At the end of the film, Surfer is floating aimlessly through space, with his board in the background. As he drifts off screen, his eyes open and his board drifts towards him.

In promotion for the film, the Franklin Mint, a collectibles marketer, altered 40,000 California quarters by putting the Silver Surfer on the reverse.^[65] The U.S. Mint, upon discovering this, advised the studio and the Franklin Mint that it is illegal to turn a coin into advertising media, and violators can face a fine.^[66]

• The Silver Surfer video game, developed by Software Creations, Ltd., debuted on the Nintendo Entertainment System in 1990. The game is notorious for its unforgiving and extremely steep difficulty.^[67] However, the Surfer has also appeared in other video games, often cast as a villain. For examples, Marvel Super Heroes: War of the Gems for the SNES features evil clones of the Silver Surfer appear as enemies.

• He is a bonus character in the game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance voiced by Chris Cox. He can be unlocked by completing all Comic Book Missions or by entering a cheat code. His costumes (all identical) include Power Surge, Silver Age, Vitality, and Heavy Damage.^[68] During the player's visit to the Skrull homeworld, he appears briefly as a non-player ally who resurrects and heals the player's team. He then helps them defeat Galactus (in the comics, it's the other way around - Silver Surfer does all the fighting).

• The Surfer's most recent video game adaptation is Fantastic 4: Rise of the Silver Surfer video game, developed by Visual Concepts of 2K Sports. It was released in June 2007 to coincide with the film's release.^[69]

The United States Postal Service in November, 2007, released a series of $0.41 stamps honoring Marvel comics. One stamp shows the Silver Surfer on his board and another the first eponymous issue.^[70] Associated paraphernalia (e.g., first day covers) were also available.

Numerous films, songs, books and television shows have referenced the Silver Surfer since his 1960s debut. In the 1983 film Breathless, Richard Gere's character was an avid fan of his comics. In Quentin Tarantino's 1992 Reservoir Dogs a Silver Surfer poster is clearly seen in Mr. Orange's apartment. In Futurama Comics, Bender accidentally deactivates the autopilot of the planet express ship, causing the ship to fly out of control, knock the silver sufer off his board, then enter a space invaders video game style battle. In the 1995 film Crimson Tide, there was an argument over the alternate Surfer versions as drawn by Kirby and Moebius. He has also been mentioned in television programs such as Heroes, Malibu, CA, Scrubs,^[71] The Wire, Dexter's Laboratory,^[72] Doug,^[73] Andromeda,^[74] and Fairly Odd Parents. Musician Joe Satriani included the character on the cover of his 1987 album, Surfing with the Alien, and in one of his subsequent albums, Flying in a Blue Dream, there is a track titled "Back to Shalla-Bal". In one of Satriani's other albums, "Engines of Creation", there is a song called "The Power Cosmic" included on the track list. In the song, "Last of the New Wave Riders", from the album, Adventures In Utopia by Todd Rundgren's band, Utopia, the final line (bracketed as an aside) is "here comes that Silver Surfer now". UK Symphonic Black Metal band Bal-Sagoth featured "The Scourge of the Fourth Celestial Host", a track about the Silver Surfer, on their aptly titled The Power Cosmic album.

Silver Surfer Omnibus, collecting Vol. 1 #1-18 and FF Annual #5

Essential Silver Surfer, Volume 1, (vol. 1 #1-18, FF Annual #5)

Essential Silver Surfer, Volume 2, (1982 graphic novel, vol. 2 #1-18, Annual #1, Marvel Fanfare #51)

• Fantastic Four and the Silver Surfer Go Way Back Marvel.com history guide
• The Complete Silver Surfer Appearance List

• Badmouth (June 15, 2007): "Fantastic Four: The Mad Birth of the Silver Surfer", by Brian McDonough
• Marvel Database wiki: Silver Surfer