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Swan Hill Victoria
Swan Hill from above
Population:	9684 (2006)[1]
Established:	1846
Postcode:	3585
Elevation:	70 m (230 ft)
Location:	338 km (210 mi) NW of Melbourne 188 km (117 mi) from Bendigo
LGA:	Rural City of Swan Hill
State District:	Swan Hill
Federal Division:	Mallee
Mean Max Temp Mean Min Temp Rainfall 23.0 °C 73 °F 9.7 °C 49 °F 348.5 mm 13.7 in

Swan Hill is a city in the north west of Victoria, Australia. It is located on the Murray Valley Highway, on the south bank of the Murray River, downstream from the junction of the Loddon River. At the 2006 census, Swan Hill had a population of 9684.

Swan Hill gives its name to a wine region straddling the Murray River. The vines are predominantly irrigated from the river.

The visitor information centre has a giant Murray Cod out the front. The historic Pioneer Settlement Museum is a tourist attraction, along with rides on the PS Pyap.

Contents 1 History 2 Burke and Wills 3 Literature 4 Today 4.1 Schooling 4.2 Retail 4.3 Night-life 4.4 Sport 4.5 Media 5 Sister Cities 6 References 7 External links

In the Dreamtime, Totyerguil (from the area now known as Swan Hill) ran out of spears while chasing Otchtout the cod. This chase is part of the mythology of the creation of the Murray River.

Based on evidence from Coobool Creek and Kow Swamp, it appears that Aboriginal people have lived in the area for the last 13,000 - 9,000 years. The area is inhabited by the Wemba Wemba and Wati Wati people. Swan Hill was called "Matakupaat" or "place of the Platypus" by the Wemba Wemba people.

The area was given its current name by explorer Thomas Mitchell, while camping beside a hill there on 21 June 1836.

"Among the reeds on the point of ground between the two rivers was a shallow lagoon where swans and other wild fowl so abounded that, although half a mile from our camp, their noise disturbed us through the night. I therefore named this somewhat remarkable and isolated feature Swan Hill, a point which may probably be found to mark the junction of two fine streams."

Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, Vol 2, by Thomas Mitchell

The European community grew up around a punt river crossing, which was established as early as 1846. This crossing serviced the growing agricultural area, and was the only river crossing for 100 km.

In 1853 Francis Cadell navigated the Murray river from its mouth in South Australia to Swan Hill in his paddle steamer, Lady Augusta. He arrived on 17 September 1853, narrowly beat William Randell of Mannum, who arrived 4 hours later in the in PS Mary Ann. This demonstrated the feasibility of river traffic, which flourished until the introduction of the railway in May 1890.

In 1883, the first of several red brick water towers were built to supply the growing town with water. Water was pumped out of the river and into the top of the tower by a wood-fired steam engine, and the then flowed by gravitation to surrounding businesses and private residences. Many of these towers can still be seen around town.

The punt river crossing was replaced by a bridge in 1896.

In 1914, Isaburo (Jo) Takasuka produced the first commercial rice crop in Australia. He grew Japanese (Japonica) varieties on 200 acres (800,000 m²) of flood prone land on the Murray River near Swan Hill.

Swan Hill became a city in 1965.

Main article: Burke and Wills expedition

The Burke and Wills expedition reached Swan Hill on Thursday, 6 September 1860 on their journey across Australia from Melbourne to the Gulf of Carpentaria. They made Camp XV, (their fifteenth camp out of Melbourne), in the police paddock on the banks of the Murray River in an area that is now Riverside Park. The expedition stayed in Swan Hill until Monday, 10 September while they reorganised the stores. Burke dismissed four men; Essau Khan, Brooks, Lane and John Polongeaux. He then hired Alexander McPherson, a saddler from Epsom and Charlie Gray, a former sailor from Scotland who had worked as an ostler for Cobb and Co between Bendigo and Swan Hill and who was now employed at the Lower Murray Inn in Swan Hill. The party was strengthened further by the arrival from Melbourne of journalist, William Hodgkinson, and scientist Georg Neumeyer. The local inhabitants gave the expedition a rousing farewell as they crossed into New South Wales. Folklore alleges Burke and Wills planted a Moreton Bay Fig tree in the garden of the local doctor, Dr B W Gummow. The tree is now approximately 27 metres high and has a branch spread of approximately 44 metres and can be seen in Curlewis Street.

Author James Aldridge was born in Swan Hill. He described Swan Hill during the Great Depression of the 1930s in his series of "St Helens" books. Some of the best known are:

• A Sporting Proposition (adapted for the screen by The Walt Disney Company as "Ride A Wild Pony").
• My Brother Tom (made into a TV series).
• The True Story of Spit MacPhee (Winner: 1986 New South Wales Premier's Literary Award; winner: 1987 Guardian Award; adapted for television).
• The True Story of Lilli Stubeck (1985 CBCA Book of the Year).

In Swan Hill there are four Primary Schools, two Secondary Schools and three schools which run both Primary and Secondary syllabuses. These include Swan Hill College, MacKillop College, St Mary's Primary School, Swan Hill Primary School, Swan Hill North Primary School, Son Centre Christian School, Victorian P-12 College of Koorie Education - Payika Campus and Swan Hill Specialist School. There is also a Sunraysia Institute of TAFE located in Swan Hill on the Swan Hill - Sea Lake Road.

Other than Bendigo and Mildura, Swan Hill is often considered the retail hub for the region with a wide range of outlets including home, garden and general produce. There are several supermarkets including Coles and Safeway, as well as the soon to be opened Aldi. Swan Hill also boasts Dimmeys, Target, Best and Less, the Warehouse, Go-Lo, Mitre 10 and many other smaller speciality stores such as Jeans West, Susans, Jay Jays, Just Jeans, Jacqui E and Rockmans.

Swan Hill boasts night-life activities, with active pubs, hotels, clubs and nightclubs. The Commercial Hotel, The Federal Hotel, The Murray Downs Club (both across the border), The Swan Hill Club, The RSL Club and the recently opened Barrells Nightclub all play a key part to Swan Hill residence. During the years, Swan Hill has also lost some pubs, such as The White Swan (to make way for Target) and The Oasis Hotel (to make way for Aldi). These decisions to demolish significant historic icons of Swan Hill for major retail outlets are often debated.

Swan Hill is the heart of the Central Murray Football League. It is also the home to two football clubs, the Swan Hill Swans and the Tyntynder Bulldogs.

Swan Hill has one locally produced newspaper in The Swan Hill Guardian, which has been circulating Swan Hill and surrounding regions for almost 120 years. In addition to this, there are four local radio stations. 99.1 Smart FM Swan Hill and District's Live and Local community radio station, 1332 3SH, 88.0 Cool Country and 107.7 Mixx FM are the commercially based stations, owned by Ace Radio, Swan Hill's television stations are identical to Bendigo's: ABC, Prime, WIN, Southern Cross Ten and SBS.

• Yamagata, Yamagata, Japan

This article or section includes a list of references or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. You can improve this article by introducing more precise citations.

• Swan Hill Rural City Council
• Swan Hill Online
• Murray River Regions and Towns: Swan Hill
• Australian Palaeoanthropology index, with discussion of Coobool Creek and Kow Swamp.
• Swan Hill - Murray River Road Bridge Heritage and conservation register.
• James Aldridge
• The History of the Australian Rice Industry, by SunRice.
• Burke & Wills Web A comprehensive website containing many of the historical documents relating to the Burke & Wills Expedition.
• The Burke & Wills Historical Society The Burke & Wills Historical Society.
• Smart FM
• Swan Hill Regional Art Gallery Artabase page

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Coordinates: 35°20′S 143°33′E / -35.333, 143.55