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Theodor Holm Nelson (born June 17, 1937) is an American sociologist, philosopher, and pioneer of information technology. He coined the term "hypertext" in 1963 and published it in 1965. He also is credited with first use of the words hypermedia, transclusion, virtuality, intertwingularity and teledildonics. The main thrust of his work has been to make computers easily accessible to ordinary people. His motto is:

A user interface should be so simple that a beginner in an emergency can understand it within ten seconds.

Ted Nelson promotes four maxims: "most people are fools, most authority is malignant, God does not exist, and everything is wrong".

Contents 1 Career 2 Education and awards 3 Bibliography 4 External links

Nelson founded Project Xanadu in 1960 with the goal of creating a computer network with a simple user interface. The effort is documented in his 1974 book Computer Lib/Dream Machines and the 1981 Literary Machines. Much of his adult life has been devoted to working on Xanadu and advocating it.

The Xanadu project itself failed to flourish, for a variety of reasons which are disputed. Journalist Gary Wolf published an unflattering history, The Curse of Xanadu[1], on Nelson and his project in the June, 1995 issue of Wired magazine. Nelson expressed his disgust on his website[2], referring to Wolf as a "Gory Jackal", and threatened to sue him.

Nelson claims some aspects of his vision are in the process of being fulfilled by Tim Berners-Lee's invention of the World Wide Web. However, Nelson says he dislikes the World Wide Web, XML and all embedded markup, and regards Berners-Lee's work as a gross over-simplification of his own work:

HTML is precisely what we were trying to PREVENT— ever-breaking links, links going outward only, quotes you can't follow to their origins, no version management, no rights management. – Ted Nelson (Ted Nelson one-liners )

Nelson is working on a new information structure, ZigZag, which is described on the Xanadu project website, which also hosts two versions of the Xanadu code.

He is currently a philosopher and visiting professor at Oxford University working in the fields of information, computers, and human-machine interfaces.

Nelson earned a Bachelor's degree in philosophy from Swarthmore College in 1959, a Master's degree in sociology from Harvard University in 1963 and a Doctorate in Media and Governance from Keio University in 2002.

In 1998, at the Seventh WWW Conference in Brisbane, Australia, Ted was awarded the Yuri Rubinsky Memorial Award. He told the audience that it was the first award that he had ever received for his work.

In 2001 he was knighted by France as "Officier des Arts et Lettres". In 2004 he was appointed as a Fellow of Wadham College, Oxford, and associated with the Oxford Internet Institute, where he is currently conducting his research.

He is the son of the late Emmy Award-winning director Ralph Nelson and the Academy Award-winning actress Celeste Holm. His ethnicity is primarily Norwegian-American.

• Life, Love, College, etc. (1959)
• Computer Lib: You can and must understand computers now/Dream Machines: New freedoms through computer screens—a minority report (1974), Microsoft Press, rev. edition 1987: ISBN 0-914845-49-7
• The Home Computer Revolution (1977)
• Literary Machines: *Literary Machines: The report on, and of, Project Xanadu concerning word processing, electronic publishing, hypertext, thinkertoys, tomorrow's intellectual... including knowledge, education and freedom (1981), Mindful Press, Sausalito, California.
  • Publication dates as listed in the 93.1 (1993) edition: 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
• The Future of Information (1997)

• A Cosmology for a Different Computer Universe: Data Model, Mechanisms, Virtual Machine and Visualization Infrastructure. Journal of Digital Information, Volume 5 Issue 1. Article No. 298, July 16, 2004

• Ted Nelson's homepage
• another Ted Nelson's homepage
• detailed Ted Nelson bibliography
• Xanadu project webpage
• Transliterature - A Humanist Design
• The Magical Place of Literary Memory: Xanadu in Screening the Past, July 2005 by Belinda Barnet
• Ted Nelson and Xanadu, in The Electronic Labyrinth, 1993
• The Curse of Xanadu, June 1995 Wired article by Gary Wolf
• reactions to The Curse of Xanadu, September 1995 Wired magazine, from Vint Cerf and Ted Nelson,
• Orality and Hypertext: An Interview with Ted Nelson
• Way Out Of The Box , by Theodor Nelson, October 8, 1999
• Software and Media for a New Democracya talk given by Ted Nelson at the [File festival] Symposium/November/2005
• Wired article, recalling interview with Nelson, August 2005
• The Politics Of Internet Software 'Geeks Bearing Gifts', a talk given by Ted at the Oxford Internet Institute, November 30, 2005