Territorial authorities of New Zealand

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Map of New Zealand territorial authorities. Cities are bolded and capitalised. Regions are indicated with colours.
Map of New Zealand territorial authorities. Cities are bolded and capitalised. Regions are indicated with colours.

Territorial authorities are the second tier of local government in New Zealand, below regional councils. There are 73 territorial authorities: 16 city councils, 57 district councils, and the Chatham Islands Council. Five territorial authorities (Nelson City Council, Gisborne, Tasman, and Marlborough District Councils and the Chatham Islands Council) also perform the functions of a regional council and thus are known as unitary authorities. Territorial authority districts are not subdivisions of regions, and some of them fall within more than one region. Franklin District, for example, falls partly within the Auckland Region, partly within the Waikato Region. Regional Council areas are based on catchment areas, whereas territorial authorities are based on an area with sufficient ratepayers and community of interest. Regional councils are responsible for the administration of many environmental and public transport matters, while the territorial authorities that administer local roading and reserves, sewerage, building consents, the land use and subdivision aspects of resource management, and other local matters.

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There are a number of islands where the Minister of Local Government is the territorial authority, two of which have a 'permanent population and/or permanent buildings and structures.' The main islands are listed below (population according to 2001 census in parenthesis):

In addition, seven of the nine groups of the New Zealand Outlying Islands are outside of any territorial authority:

(the Chatham Islands form a special territorial authority themselves, while the Solander Islands are part of Southland Region and Southland District)

For many decades until the local government reforms of 1989, a borough with more than 20,000 people could be proclaimed a city. The boundaries of councils tended to follow the edge of the built-up area, so little distinction was made between the urban area and the local government area.

New Zealand’s local government structural arrangements were significantly reformed in 1989 when approximately 700 councils and special purpose bodies were amalgamated to create 87 new local authorities. Regional councils were reduced in number from 20 to 13, territorial authorities (city/district councils) from 200 to 75, and special purpose bodies from over 400 to 7.[1] The new district and city councils were generally much larger and most covered substantial areas of both urban and rural land. Many places that once had a city council were now being administered by a district council.

As a result, the term "city" began to take on two meanings.

The word "city" came to be used in a less formal sense to describe major urban areas independent of local body boundaries. This informal usage is jealously guarded. Gisborne, for example, adamantly described itself as the first city in the world to see the new millennium. Gisborne is administered by a district council, but its status as a city is not generally disputed.

Under the current law the minimum population for a new city is 50,000.

Since the 1989 reorganisations conducted by the Local Government Commission, there have been few major reorganisations or status changes in local government. Incomplete list:

  • 1991: Invercargill re-proclaimed a city.
  • 1992: (by a Local Government Amendment Act) Abolition of Nelson-Marlborough Regional Council - Kaikoura District was transferred to the Canterbury Region, and Nelson City and Tasman and Marlborough districts became unitary authorities.
  • 1995: Chatham Islands County dissolved and reconstituted, by a specific Act of Parliament, as the "Chatham Islands Territory" with powers similar to those of territorial authorities and some functions similar to those of a regional council.
  • 2004: Tauranga became a city again on 1 March.
  • 2006: Banks Peninsula District merged into Christchurch City as a result of 2005 referendum.

During 2006 and 2007 there have been moves to propose radical alterations in the Auckland region.

Reports on completed reorganisation proposals since 1999 are available on the Local Government Commission's site (link below).

  1. ^ Local Government Reform in New Zealand Wallis, J.and Dollery, B. (2000) Local Government Reform in New Zealand. Working Paper Series in Economics, No 2000-7,May 2000, ISBN 1 86389 682 1, University of New England School of Economic Studies, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia. Copyright © 2000 by Joe Wallis and Brian Dollery.

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Territorial Authorities of New Zealand

Cities
North Shore • Waitakere • Auckland • Manukau • Hamilton • Tauranga • Napier • Palmerston North • Porirua • Upper Hutt • Lower Hutt • Wellington • Nelson* • Christchurch • Dunedin • Invercargill

Districts
North Island : Far North • Whangarei • Kaipara • Rodney • Papakura • Franklin • Thames-Coromandel • Hauraki • Waikato • Matamata-Piako • Waipa • South Waikato • Otorohanga • Rotorua • Waitomo • Taupo • Western Bay of Plenty • Whakatane • Kawerau • Opotiki • Gisborne* • Wairoa • Hastings • Central Hawke's Bay • New Plymouth • Stratford • South Taranaki • Ruapehu • Wanganui • Rangitikei • Manawatu • Tararua • Horowhenua • Kapiti Coast • Masterton • Carterton • South Wairarapa

South Island : Tasman* • Marlborough* • Buller • Grey • Westland • Kaikoura • Hurunui • Waimakariri • Selwyn • Ashburton • Timaru • Mackenzie • Waimate • Waitaki • Queenstown-Lakes • Central Otago • Clutha • Gore • Southland

Territory: Chatham Islands
*unitary authority
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Administrative divisions of New Zealand
supranational level Realm of New Zealand
national level New Zealand Tokelau Cook Islands Niue   Ross Dependency
regions 12 non-unitary regions 4 unitary regions Chatham Islands   Kermadec Islands sub-Antarctic islands
territorial authorities 16 cities and 57 districts
notes some of the districts lie in more than one region these combine the regional and the territorial authority levels in one a special territorial authority areas outside regional authority; these, plus the Chatham Islands and the Solander Islands, form the New Zealand Outlying Islands a state administered by New Zealand states in free association with New Zealand claimed by New Zealand, but claim frozen by the Antarctic Treaty
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Second-level administrative divisions of Oceania
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand"
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