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Tetrahydromethanopterin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tetrahydromethanopterin, abbreviated H4MPT, is a coenzyme in methanogenesis. It is the carrier of the C1 group as it is reduced to the methyl level, before transferring to the coenzyme M.[1]
Tetrahydrosarcinapterin (H4SPT) is a modified form of H4MPT, wherein a glutamyl group linked to the 2-hydroxyglutaric acid terminus.
N-Formylmethanofuran donates the C1 group to the N5 site of the pterin to give the formylH4MPT.[2] The formyl group subsequently condenses intramolecularly to give methenylH4MPT+, which is then reduced to methyleneH4MPT.[3] MethyleneMPT is subsequently converted, using H2F420 as the electron source, to methylH4MPT, catalyzed by F420-dependent methylene-H4MPT reductase. MethylH4MPT is the methyl donor to coenzyme M, a conversion mediated by methyl-H4MPT:coenzyme M methyl-transferase.[1]
H4MPT is related to the better known tetrahydrofolate (H4F). The differences are indicated in red and blue in the figure. The most important difference between H4MPT and H4F is that H4F has an electron-withdrawing carbonyl group on the phenyl ring. As a consequence, methenyl-H4MPT is more difficult to reduce than methenyl-H4F. Reduction is effected by a so-called Iron-sulfur cluster free hydrogenase.[3] The cumbersome name distinguishes this hydrogenase from the so-called Fe-only hydrogenases that do contain Fe-S cluster.
- ^ a b Thauer, R. K., "Biochemistry of Methanogenesis: a tribute to Marjory Stephenson", Microbiology, 1998, 144, 2377-2406.
- ^ Acharya, P.; Warkentin, E.; Ermler, U.; Thauer, R. K.; Shima, S., "The Structure of Formylmethanofuran:Tetrahydromethanopterin Formyltransferase in Complex with its Coenzymes", Journal of Molecular Biology, 2006, volume 357, pages 870-879.
- ^ a b Korbas, M.; Vogt, S.; Meyer-Klaucke, W.; Bill, E.; Lyon, E. J.; Thauer, R. K. and Shima, S., "The Iron-Sulfur Cluster-free Hydrogenase (Hmd) Is a Metalloenzyme with a Novel Iron Binding Motif", Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2006, volume 281, pages 30804-30813.
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| Major families of biochemicals | ||
| Peptides | Amino acids | Nucleic acids | Carbohydrates | Nucleotide sugars | Lipids | Terpenes | Carotenoids | Tetrapyrroles | Enzyme cofactors | Steroids | Flavonoids | Alkaloids | Polyketides | Glycosides | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | Types of enzyme cofactors | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| Coenzymes | NAD+ | NADP+ | Coenzyme A | Tetrahydrofolic acid | Menaquinone | Ascorbic acid | Coenzyme F420 | Adenosine triphosphate | S-Adenosyl methionine | 3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate | Coenzyme Q | Tetrahydrobiopterin | Cytidine triphosphate | Glutathione | Coenzyme M | Coenzyme B | Methanofuran | Tetrahydromethanopterin | |
|---|---|---|
| Prosthetic groups | ||
| Organic groups: | Flavin mononucleotide | Flavin adenine dinucleotide | Pyrroloquinoline quinone | Pyridoxal phosphate | Biotin | Methylcobalamin | Cobamamide | Thiamine pyrophosphate | Heme | Molybdopterin | Lipoic acid | |
| Metals: | Calcium | Copper | Iron | Magnesium | Manganese | Nickel | Zinc | |