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The Devils
Directed by	Ken Russell
Produced by	Ken Russell Robert H. Solo
Written by	Ken Russell Aldous Huxley (book) John Whiting(play)
Starring	Oliver Reed Vanessa Redgrave Dudley Sutton John Woodvine Gemma Jones
Music by	Peter Maxwell Davies
Cinematography	David Watkin
Distributed by	Warner Bros.
Release date(s)	16 July 1971 (U.S.)
Running time	111 min.
Country	United Kingdom
Language	English
IMDb profile

The Devils is a 1971 film directed by Ken Russell and starring Oliver Reed and Vanessa Redgrave, based on the 1952 book The Devils of Loudun by Aldous Huxley and the 1960 play The Devils by John Whiting, also based on Huxley's book. Derek Jarman was responsible for the film's production design. It tells the story of Urbain Grandier, a 17th century French priest executed for witchcraft.

In 17th Century France, Cardinal Richelieu (Christopher Logue) is influencing Louis XIII (Graham Armitage) in an attempt to gain further power. He convinces Louis that the fortifications of cities throughout France should be demolished to prevent Protestants from uprising. Louis agrees, but forbids Richelieu from damaging the town of Loudon, having made a promise to its governor not to damage the town.

Meanwhile, in Loudon, the Governor has died, leaving control of the city to Urbain Grandier (Oliver Reed), a dissolute and proud but popular and well-regarded priest. He is having an affair with a relative of Father Canon Mignon, another priest in the town, unaware that the deformed, neurotic Sister Jeanne (Vanessa Redgrave), head of the local convent, is sexually obsessed with him. She asks for Grandier to become the convent's new confessor. Grandier secretly marries another woman, but news of this reaches Sister Jeanne.

Baron de Laubardemont Dudley Sutton arrives with orders to demolish the city, oveeriding Grandier's orders to stop. Grandier summons the town's soldiers and forces Laubardemont to back down until a proclamation from King Louis arrives. Grandier departs Loudon to visit the King. In the meantime, Sister Jeanne is informed by Father Mignon that he is to be her new confessor. She informs him of his marriage and affairs. Mignon relays this information to Laubardemont. In the process, the information is distorted to claim that Grandier has bewitched the convent and is using witchcraft. Laubardemont summons the lunatic inquisitor Father Barre, a "professional witch-hunter", whose interrogations actually involve depraved acts of "exorcism", including the forced administration of enemas to his victims. Sister Jeanne claims that Grandeir has bewitched her, and the other nuns do the same. A public exorcism erupts in the town, in which nuns remove their clothes and enter a state of religious frenzy. An envoy from Louis arrives, claming to be carrying a holy relic which can remove the "devils" possessing the nuns. Fater Barre "Exorcises" the nuns with it, in which they appear as though they have been cured- until the Duke reveals the case allegedly containing the relic to be empty.

In the midst of the chaos, Grandier arrives and is immediately arrested. After being given a ridiculous trial, he is is tortured and shaven, although he manages to convince Mignon that he is innocent, and refuses to confess. He is then taken to be burnt at the stake. His executioner promises to strangle him before he is burnt rather than suffer the agonising death he would otherwise experience. Before this can happen, however, Barre starts the fire himself. As Grandier burns, the city walls are blown up, causing the people to flee.

After the execution, Barre leaves to continue his activities elsewhere. Laubardemont informs Sister Jeanne that Mignon has been imprisoned for claiming that Grandier is innocent. He gives her one of Grandier's charred bones and leaves. Grandier's wife is seen walking away form the city as the film ends.

While the film is based on historical events, as detailed in Huxley's book, director Russell took significant liberties with incidents, chronology, surrounding events, and the depiction of characters such as Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu, who bear no resemblance to the historical figures. Louis XIII is depicted as an effeminate homosexual who amuses himself by shooting Protestants dressed up as birds, while Richelieu is borne about in a chair by servants, in the manner of royalty. Henri II de Bourbon-Condé is himself depicted as an outrageous pederast.

• Vanessa Redgrave - Sister Jeanne
• Oliver Reed - Urbain Grandier
• Dudley Sutton - Baron de Laubardemont
• Max Adrian - Ibert
• Gemma Jones - Madeleine
• Murray Melvin - Mignon
• Judith Paris - Sister Judith
• Catherine Willmer - Sister Catherine
• John Woodvine - Trincant
• Christopher Logue - Cardinal Richelieu
• Kenneth Colley - Legrand
• Graham Armitage - Louis XIII
• Brian Murphy - Adam
• Georgina Hale - Philippe
• Andrew Faulds - Rangier
• Michael Gothard - Father Barre

Since the time of its release, the film has caused enormous controversy. In the United Kingdom it was banned by 17 local authorities, and everywhere attracted many scathing reviews. Judith Crist called it a "grand fiesta for sadists and perverts",^{[citation needed]} while Derek Malcolm called it "a very bad film indeed."^{[citation needed]} However, it won the award for Best Director-Foreign Film in the Venice Film Festival, while the United States National Board of Review awarded Ken Russell best director for The Devils and his next film, The Boy Friend. In 2002, when 100 film makers and critics were asked to cite what they considered to be the ten most important films ever made, The Devils featured in the lists submitted by critic Mark Kermode and director Alex Cox.^{[citation needed]}

French poster for The Devils

The film's combination of religious themes and imagery combined with explicit sexual content was a test for the British Board of Film Censors that at the time was being pressured by socially conservative interest groups. In order to earn an "X" certificate, Russell made cuts of some of the nudity, although the studio had lopped off several scenes prior to submission — notably a two-and-a-half-minute sequence of crazed naked nuns sexually assaulting a statue of Christ, was cut out at the studio's insistence, before the film was submitted to the BBFC, who cut out a further 89 seconds. All of this material was presumed lost or destroyed until critic Mark Kermode found the complete "Rape of Christ" sequence and several other deleted scenes in 2002. The artist Adam Chodzko made a video work in which traced and interviewed many of the actresses who had played the nuns during the orgy scene. Although some material may have been lost forever, the NFT was able to show The Devils in the fullest possible state in 2004. This uncut version premiered at the Brussels International Festival of Fantasy Film in March 2006. Its fate in the United States was even more stringent, with a further set of cuts made to even more of the nudity with some key scenes (including Sister Jeanne's crazed visions, exorcism and the climactic burning) shorn of the more explicit detail.

The British version remains the most complete one in circulation, although there are long promised plans to release the uncut version on mass-market DVD. On April 25, 2007, The Devils was shown for a second time in its fullest possible state to a group of students and staff at the University of Southampton, followed by a question and answer session with the director, moderated by Mark Kermode. It was the first significant event to take place during Russell's tenure as a visiting fellow at the University of Southampton in the English and film departments, April 2007 to March 2008.

An NTSC-format DVD edition on the Angel Digital label appeared in 2005, with the so-called "Rape of Christ" scene and other censored footage restored, and featuring a documentary by Mark Kermode about the film, as well as interviews with Russell, some of the surviving cast members, and a member of the BBFC who participated in the original censorship of the film.

• The Devils at the Internet Movie Database
• The Devils at Rotten Tomatoes
• DVDManiacs Review about "The Devils"