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The Longest Day (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| The Longest Day | |
|---|---|
 original movie poster |
|
| Directed by | Ken Annakin (British exterior episodes) Andrew Marton (American exterior episodes) Bernhard Wicki (German episodes) |
| Produced by | Darryl F. Zanuck |
| Written by | Romain Gary James Jones David Pursall Cornelius Ryan Jack Seddon |
| Starring | John Wayne Henry Fonda Robert Mitchum Sean Connery Curd Jürgens Richard Burton Peter Lawford Rod Steiger Irina Demick Gert Frobe |
| Music by | Maurice Jarre |
| Distributed by | 20th Century Fox |
| Release date(s) | September 25, 1962 |
| Running time | 178 min. |
| Language | English German French |
| Budget | $10,000,000 US (est.) |
| IMDb profile | |
The Longest Day is a 3-hour-long 1962 war film with a very large cast, based on the 1959 history The Longest Day by Cornelius Ryan, about "D-Day", the invasion of Normandy on 6 June 1944, during World War II.
Contents |
The movie was adapted by Romain Gary, James Jones, David Pursall, Cornelius Ryan and Jack Seddon from the Ryan book. It was directed by Ken Annakin (British and French exteriors), Andrew Marton (American exteriors), Gerd Oswald (parachute drop scene), Bernhard Wicki (German scenes) and Darryl F. Zanuck (uncredited).
Many of the military consultants and advisors who helped with the film's production were actual participants in the action on D-Day, and are portrayed in the film. The producers drew them from both sides. Among them are Günther Blumentritt (a former German general), James M. Gavin (an American general), Frederick Morgan (Deputy Chief of Staff at SHAEF), John Howard (who led the airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge), Lord Lovat (who commanded the 1st Special Service Brigade), Philippe Kieffer (who led his men in the assault on Ouistreham), Pierre Koenig (who commanded the Free French Forces in the invasion), Max Pemsel (a German general), Werner Pluskat (the major who was the first German officer to see the invasion fleet), Josef "Pips" Priller (the hot-headed pilot) and Lucie Rommel (widow of Erwin Rommel).
One thing that sets the film apart from most films set in the Second World War is that all characters speak in their own languages, with subtitles in English wherever the characters speak either French or German. A separate version exists, shot simultaneously, where all the actors speak their lines in English, which is why the trailer has the Germans delivering their lines in English. This version saw limited use during the initial release, but saw extensive use during a late 1960s re-release of the film. The English only version was featured on the "flip side" of an older single disc DVD release. The usual Nazi stereotypes are avoided, and most German characters are portrayed as human beings. The words "Sieg Heil", for instance, are not uttered even once in The Longest Day, although they are seen written on a bunker wall in Ouistreham.
The film, one of the very few 1960s epics made in black and white, features a large ensemble cast including actors such as Richard Burton, Robert Mitchum, Sean Connery, Henry Fonda, Red Buttons, Peter Lawford, Paul Anka, John Wayne, Rod Steiger, Jeffrey Hunter and Robert Wagner. Several of these actors played roles that were virtually cameo appearances.
| Actor | Role |
|---|---|
| Patrick Barr | J.N. Stagg |
| Richard Burton | Flight officer David Campbell |
| Bryan Coleman | Ronald Callen |
| Sean Connery | Private Flanagan |
| Leo Genn | Brigadier General Edwin P. Parker Jr. |
| John Gregson | British Padre |
| Donald Houston | RAF pilot at flight base |
| Simon Lack | Air Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory, Commander Allied Air Forces |
| Peter Lawford | Brigadier Lord Lovat, Commander 1st Special Service Brigade |
| Michael Medwin | Private Watney |
| Kenneth More | Capt. Colin Maud |
| Louis Mounier | Air Marshal Arthur William Tedder, Deputy Supreme Allied Commander |
| Leslie Phillips | Royal Air Force officer |
| Trevor Reid | General Bernard Montgomery, Commander Allied Ground Forces |
| John Robinson | Admiral Bertram Ramsay, Commander Allied Naval Forces |
| Norman Rossington | Private Clough |
| Richard Todd | Major John Howard |
| Richard Wattis | British Paratrooper |
| Actor | Role |
|---|---|
| Arletty | Madame Barrault |
| Jean-Louis Barrault | Father Louis Roulland |
| Bourvil | Mayor of Colleville |
| Pauline Carton | Maid |
| Irina Demick | Janine Boitard (French Resistance) |
| Fernand Ledoux | Louis |
| Christian Marquand | Philippe Kieffer (French commando leader) |
| Madeleine Renaud | Mother Superior |
| Georges Rivière | Sergeant Guy de Montlaur |
| Jean Servais | Rear admiral Janjard |
| Georges Wilson | Alexandre Renaud |
| Actor | Role |
|---|---|
| Hans Christian Blech | Major Werner Pluskat |
| Wolfgang Büttner | Generalmajor Dr. Hans Speidel |
| Gert Fröbe | Feldwebel (Sergeant) Kaffekanne |
| Paul Hartmann | Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt |
| Werner Hinz | Field Marshal Erwin Rommel |
| Karl John | General Wolfgang Hager |
| Curd Jürgens | Generalmajor Gunther Blumentritt |
| Til Kiwe | Helmuth Lang |
| Wolfgang Lukschy | Alfred Jodl |
| Kurt Meisel | Ernst During |
| Richard Münch | General Erich Marcks |
| Hartmut Reck | Bernhard Bergsdorf |
| Heinz Reincke | Josef Priller |
| Ernst Schroder | Hans von Salmuth |
| Heinz Spitzner | Helmuth Meyer |
| Wolfgang Preiss | Generalmajor Max Pemsel |
| Peter van Eyck | Lieutenant Colonel Ocker |
It won Best Cinematography, Black-and-White and Best Effects, Special Effects, and was nominated for Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Black-and-White, Best Film Editing and Best Picture at the 35th Academy Awards.
The music, written by Paul Anka, is the authorized march of Le Régiment de la Chaudière, the Canadian Parachute Centre, and the former Canadian Airborne Regiment of the Canadian Forces.
- Sergeant Kaffeekanne's last name is from the German for "coffee pot", which he always carries.
- It is a common misconception that Bill Millin, the piper who accompanies Lord Lovat to Normandy with his bagpipes, played himself in the film. He was actually portrayed by Pipe Major Leslie de Laspee, the official piper to the Queen Mother in 1961.[1][2]
- In Sainte-Mère-Église, Private John Steele from the 82nd Airborne (played by Red Buttons) has been memorialized by the local population with a dummy hanging from a parachute from the church tower on which he accidentally landed.
- Richard Todd, who plays Major John Howard, leader of the British Airborne assault on the Pegasus Bridge, took part in the real bridge assault on D-Day. Todd was offered the chance to play himself but thought the part would be too small, so he asked to play the part of his former commanding officer. Shortly after the British have captured the Ourne bridge in the film, one of the soldiers tells Todd that all they have to do now is sit tight and wait for the 7th Parachute Battalion to relieve them, to which Todd replies dismissively that the Paras are always late. This was a private joke as Todd was the adjudant of the 7th Parachute Battalion on D-Day and did help relieve the forces on the bridge. During the scene of Todd as Howard awaiting relief from the beachhead, an officer in a Para beret next to Todd is an actor playing the real Richard Todd.
- Joseph Lowe landed on Omaha Beach and scaled the cliffs at Pointe du Hoc on D-Day. He repeated the climb for the cameras 17 years later.
- Curt Jürgens, who plays the German General Blumentritt who muses on the incompetence of his superiors, was actually imprisoned by the Nazis in his youth.
- As well as featuring 007 himself (Sean Connery), this film boasts two James Bond villains: Curd Jürgens, who played the lunatic industrialist Karl Stromberg in The Spy Who Loved Me, and Gert Fröbe, who played Auric Goldfinger in Goldfinger.
- Former U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower was considered for the role of himself in the film, and he indicated his willingness. However, it was decided that makeup artists couldn't make him appear young enough to play his WWII self.
- The role of Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin H. Vandervoort was actively sought by Charlton Heston but the last-minute decision of John Wayne to take a role in the film prevented Heston from participating.
- While everyone else accepted ten thousand dollars as payment, John Wayne insisted on a quarter of a million to punish Zanuck for an earlier negative remark in the press about Wayne and his Alamo film. (Source: John Wayne's America: The Politics of Celebrity (1997), ISBN 0-684-80823-4.)
- Acclaimed British actor Christopher Lee auditioned for a role but was turned down as he did not look like a military man even though he served in the RAF as an Intelligence Officer. However, some film books incorrectly credit him with a role in the film.
- During the filming of the landings at Omaha Beach, the American soldiers appearing as extras did not want to jump off the landing craft into the water because they thought it would be too cold. Robert Mitchum, who played General Norman Cota, became disgusted with their trepidation. He jumped in first, at which point the soldiers had no choice but to follow his example.
- The Rupert paradummies used in the film were far more elaborate and lifelike than those actually used for the decoy parachute drop (Operation Titanic) which were actually just canvas or burlap sacks filled with sand. In the real operation six Special Air Service soldiers jumped with the dummies and played recordings of loud battle noises to distract the Germans.
- At $10,000,000, this film was the most expensive black-and-white film made until 1993, when Schindler's List was released.[3]
- The Longest Day - other uses
- Authorized marches of the Canadian Forces
- ^ Piper Bill Millin. The Pegasus Archive. Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ D-Day Piper - Bill Millin. The Miniatures Page (2006-08-03). Retrieved on 2007-11-01.
- ^ Turner Classic Movies)
- Review by Glenn Erickson at DVD Savant a part of DVD Talk