From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Sand Pebbles
original film poster
Directed by	Robert Wise
Produced by	Robert Wise
Written by	Richard McKenna (novel) Robert Anderson
Starring	Steve McQueen Richard Attenborough Richard Crenna Candice Bergen Mako
Music by	Jerry Goldsmith
Cinematography	Joseph MacDonald
Distributed by	Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
Release date(s)	December 20, 1966 (U.S. release)
Running time	179 min U.S. release
Language	English
IMDb profile

The Sand Pebbles (1966), directed by Robert Wise, is a period war story of an independent, rebellious U.S. Navy machinist sailor aboard the USS San Pablo gunboat on flag-waving river patrols in 1920s China.

The Sand Pebbles features Steve McQueen, Richard Attenborough, Richard Crenna, Candice Bergen and Mako. Robert Anderson adapted the screenplay from the novel The Sand Pebbles (1962), by Richard McKenna.

Contents 1 Themes and background 2 Awards 3 Plot Summary 4 Production 5 Historical accuracy 6 Additional footage 7 Cast and roles 8 Trivia 9 External links

The military life of the San Pablo's crew, the titular sand pebbles, portrays the era's racism and colonialism on a small scale, through the sailors' relations with the coolies who run their gunboat and the bar girls who serve them off-duty, as well as on a large scale, with the West's gunboat diplomacy domination of China, then in anarchy because of feuding warlords and political factions. This 1966 riverine story of American involvement in an Asian civil war was released when the U.S. was expanding its war in Vietnam to other countries (Cambodia, Laos, etc.), yet, the film preceded the anti-war zenith.

The Sand Pebbles was nominated for several Academy Awards: Best Actor in a Leading Role (Steve McQueen), Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Mako), Best Art Direction-Set Decoration, Color, Best Cinematography, Color, Best Film Editing, Best Music, Original Music Score, Best Picture and Best Sound.

In 1926, machinist's mate Jake Holman (Steve McQueen) transfers from an Asiatic Fleet flagship to the Yangtze River Patrol gunboat USS San Pablo. However, life aboard a gunship is very different from that on a flagship. The gunboat has a labor system — condoned by the officers — wherein coolies do all of the manual work, leaving the sailors free for combat drills and idle bickering. Because he likes to work taking care of the ship's engines, Holman bucks the system. Although he becomes close friends with seasoned, but sensitive, seaman, Frenchy (Richard Attenborough), most of the other crewmen see Holman as a Jonah.

Holman's friend and protégé, Po-han (Mako), a coolie he has trained to be an engine crew leader, is captured and tortured by a Communist Chinese mob because he works for the Americans. Unable to save him, Holman ends Po-Han's suffering with a fatal rifle shot, further infuriating the anti-American crowd. Frenchy saves a Chinese woman, Maily (Emmanuelle Arsan), from prostitution by marrying her, but dies of pneumonia. Right-wing nationalists murder Maily and blame Holman to try to provoke an incident. When the Chinese demand that Holman be turned over to them is refused, they blockade the San Pablo for the winter, straining ship's morale to near-mutiny; the crew almost hands Holman over to the Chinese.

In the spring, with the river's draft deepened, the San Pablo escapes the blockade to evacuate idealistic missionary Jameson (Larry Gates) and his school teacher assistant Shirley Eckert (Candice Bergen) from a remote mission up the Yangtze River. To reach them, the sailors have to fight through a boom made up of junks blocking the river. Unfortunately, among the Chinese slain in the fighting is the one who was most sympathetic to Jameson and was keeping the others from harming him. During the rescue, Communist soldiers overrun the mission, killing the missionary and the ship's captain (Richard Crenna)and unintentionaly leaving the normally rebellious Holman in command. As he covers the retreating rescue party, he is fatally shot. His final words were, "I was home... What happened? What the Hell happened?!!"

For years, Robert Wise had wanted to make the film, but the studio was reluctant to finance it. Eventually, it was funded, but because production required extensive location scouting and pre-production work, director Wise realized it would at least be a year before photography could begin. At studio insistence, Wise agreed to a filler project, The Sound of Music, which became one of the most popular and critically-acclaimed movies of the 1960s.

Much of The Sand Pebbles was filmed in Taiwan, China. Because of frequent rain and difficulties, filming was almost abandoned. Afterwards, Steve McQueen did no film work for a year due to exhaustion, saying that whatever sins he had committed were paid for when he made the The Sand Pebbles.

Though sometimes thought of as an allegory to America's involvement in the Vietnam War, the production took place early in the conflict, and didn't have overtly political tones.

Although Westerners and Chinese fought at the Taku Forts in 1858-1860, the only large battles between Westerners and Asians on the Yangtze River were the 1937 Panay incident, between the Americans and the Japanese, not the Chinese, and the 1949 Yangtze Incident, between several small Royal Navy ships and Chinese artillery batteries of the People's Liberation Army. The attack on the gunboat USS Panay is often cited as the inspiration for some elements in McKenna's plot. McKenna served in the China River Patrol in 1936.

After more than 40 years, 20th Century Fox found fourteen minutes of footage that had been cut from the film's initial roadshow version shown at New York's Rivoli Theater. The restored version has been released on DVD. The sequences are spread throughout the film and add texture to the story, though they do not alter it in any significant way.

• Steve McQueen - Jake Holman
• Richard Attenborough - Frenchy Burgoyne
• Richard Crenna - Captain Collins
• Candice Bergen - Shirley Eckert
• Emmanuelle Arsan - Maily (as Marayat Andriane)
• Mako - Po-han
• Larry Gates - Jameson
• Charles Robinson - Ensign Bordelles
• Simon Oakland - Machinist Mate Stawski
• Ford Rainey - Harris
• Joe Turkel - Bronson
• Gavin MacLeod - Crosley
• Joe Di Reda - Red Dog Shanahan
• Richard Loo - Major Chin
• Barney Phillips - Chief Petty Officer Franks
• Gus Trikonis - Restorff
• Shepherd Sanders - Perna
• James Jeter - Bosun's Mate 2nd class Farren
• Tom Middleton - Pharmacist Mate Jennings
• Paul Chun - Cho-jen
• Tommy Lee - Chien
• Beulah Quo - Mama Chunk
• James Hong - Victor Shu
• Stephen Jahn - Haythorn
• Alan Hopkins - Wilsey
• Stephen Ferry - Lamb
• Ted Fish - CPO Wellbeck
• Loren Janes - Coleman
• Glenn R. Wilder - Waldron

Trivia sections are discouraged under Wikipedia guidelines. The article could be improved by integrating relevant items and removing inappropriate ones.

• The two sailors in the rescue party were played by Gavin MacLeod (later the captain of The Love Boat) and Joe Turkel ("Lloyd the Bartender" in The Shining).
• Although it was described as a "gunboat", the San Pablo's only artillery was a 3 inch/23 caliber deck gun; its only machine guns were two Lewis Guns and a B.A.R. The sailors' small arms were Springfield 1903 rifles; bayonets and four .45 M1911 pistols carried by the officers and NCOs.

• Website devoted exclusively to The Sand Pebbles
• The Sand Pebbles (1966) at the Internet Movie Database

Reviews

• Review - 1967, from the Movie Review Query Engine
• Review, by TV Guide
• Review, by Frank Wilkins (2002)
• USSPanay.org Webpage about the evacuation of Nanking and the Panay Incident