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Theophilus of Alexandria, (died 412) was the Nicene Pope of Alexandria, Egypt (385 - 412).

He was patriarch at a time of conflict between the newly dominant Christians and the pagan establishment in Alexandria, each supported by a segment of the Alexandrian populace. In 391, Theophilus (according to Rufinus and Sozomen) discovered a hidden pagan temple. He and his followers displayed the pagan artifacts to the public which offended the pagans enough to provoke an attack on the Christians. The Christian faction counter-attacked, forcing the pagans to retreat to the Serapeum. A letter was sent by the emperor that Theophilus should grant the offending pagans pardon, but destroy the temple.

The destruction of the Serapeum was seen by many ancient and modern authors as representative of the triumph of Christianity over other religions; when Christians lynched Hypatia, they acclaimed Theophilus's successor Cyril as "the new Theophilus, for he had destroyed the last remains of idolatry in the city" (Chronicle of John of Nikiu).

Theophilus turned on the followers of Origen after having supported them for a time. He was accompanied by his nephew Cyril to Constantinople in 403 and there presided at the "Synod of the Oak" that deposed John Chrysostom.

• Correspondence with St. Jerome, Pope Anastasius I and Pope Innocent I
• Tract against Chrysostom
• Homilies translated by St. Jerome (preserved in Migne)
• Other homilies survive only in Coptic and Ge'ez translations.

• Charles, R. H. The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu: Translated from Zotenberg's Ethiopic Text, 1916. Reprinted 2007. Evolution Publishing, ISBN 978-1-889758-87-9.

• Bede's Library: Theophilus
• New Advent Entry: Theophilus
• Christian Classics Ethereal Library: Theophilus
• Order of the Magnificat: St. Cyril
• Cyril of Alexandria
• Nestorian Theology
• John of Nikiu, Chronicle: the lynching of Hypatia
• Socrates and Sozumenos Ecclesiastical Histories ch. vii

Preceded by Timothy I

Patriarch of Alexandria 385–412

Succeeded by Cyril I

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