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Thomas D. Rice
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas Dartmouth (T.D.) "Daddy" Rice (May 20, 1808 – September 19, 1860), was a comedian in the blackface form of comedy of the 19th century. Because he developed an immediately popular song-and-dance routine playing the role of an old black slave called "Jim Crow", he has also been called "father of American minstrelsy".[1]
"Daddy" Rice was born in New York City. His act included the song and dance "Jump Jim Crow" which would later give its name to "Jim Crow" segregation laws in the southern United States. In the 1850s, he played the title role in one of the more prominent (and one of the least abolitionist) "Tom shows", loosely based on Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. (Lott, 1993, 211)
As a white man playing highly derogatory imitations of black men, Rice's brand of entertainment was highly racist, though not necessarily thought of as such at the time.
Rice's greatest prominence came in the 1830s, before the rise of full-blown blackface minstrel shows, when blackface performances were typically part of a variety show or as an entr'acte in another play. Rice's playlet Oh Hush! or The Virginny Cupids was the most popular of the time. It is centered on a song "Coal Black Rose", which predated the playlet. Rice played Cuff, boss of the bootblacks, and he wins the girl, Rose, away from the black dandy Sambo Johnson, a former bootblack who made money by winning a lottery. (Lott, 1993, 133)
- ^ American Minstrel Show Collection. Retrieved on 2007-03-21.
- http://www.geometry.net/nobel/passy_frederic_page_no_2.php
- Lott, Eric. Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. ISBN 0-19-507832-2.